4. 使用配置文件

　　多数重大项目至少有一个核心环境，由开发相关的任务、质量保证(QA)、集成和生产组成。管理所有这些环境的挑战是配置您的构建，这必须连接到正确的数据库中，执行正确的脚本集、并为每个环境部署正确的工件。使用 Maven 配置文件让您完成这些任务，而无需为每个环境分别建立明确指令。

　　关键在于环境配置文件和面向任务的配置文件的合并。每个环境配置文件定义其特定的位置、脚本和服务器。因此，在我的 pox.xml 文件中，我将定义面向任务的配置文件 “deploywar”，如清单 6 所示：

　　清单 6. 部署配置文件

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>deploywar</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>net.fpic</groupId>
                        <artifactId>tomcat-deployer-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>pos</id>
                                <phase>install</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>deploy</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <configuration>
                                    <host>$...{deploymentManagerRestHost}</host>
                                    <port>$...{deploymentManagerRestPort}</port>
                                    <username>$...{deploymentManagerRestUsername}</username>
                                    <password>$...{deploymentManagerRestPassword}</password>
                                    <artifactSource>
                                      address/target/addressservice.war
                                    </artifactSource>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

 　　这个配置文件(通过 ID “deploywar” 区别)执行 tomcat-deployer-plugin，被配置来连接一个特定主机和端口，以及指定用户名和密码证书。所有这些信息使用变量来定义，比如 ${deploymentmanagerRestHost}。这些变量在我的 profiles.xml 文件中定义，如清单 7 所示：

　　清单 7. profiles.xml

        <!-- Defines the development deployment information -->
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>env</name>
                    <value>dev</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <deploymentManagerRestHost>10.50.50.52</deploymentManagerRestHost>
                <deploymentManagerRestPort>58090</deploymentManagerRestPort>
                <deploymentManagerRestUsername>myusername</deploymentManagerRestUsername>
                <deploymentManagerRestPassword>mypassword</deploymentManagerRestPassword>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <!-- Defines the QA deployment information -->
        <profile>
            <id>qa</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>env</name>
                    <value>qa</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <deploymentManagerRestHost>10.50.50.50</deploymentManagerRestHost>
                <deploymentManagerRestPort>58090</deploymentManagerRestPort>
                <deploymentManagerRestUsername>
                  myotherusername
                </deploymentManagerRestUsername>
                <deploymentManagerRestPassword>
                  myotherpassword
                </deploymentManagerRestPassword>
            </properties>
        </profile>

 　　部署 Maven 配置文件

　　在清单7的profiles.xml 文件中，我定义了两个配置文件，并根据 env (环境)属性的值激活它们。如果 env 属性被设置为 dev，则使用开发部署信息。如果 env 属性被设置为 qa，那么将使用 QA 部署信息，等等。

　　这是部署文件的命令：

mvn -Pdeploywar -Denv=dev clean install

 　　-Pdeploywar 标记通知要明确包含 deploywar 配置文件。-Denv=dev 语句创建一个名为 env 的系统属性，并将其值设为 dev，这激活了开发配置。传递 -Denv=qa 将激活 QA 配置。