利用最弱的链接
将模块松散耦合 在一起是件好事情；它是允许您封装更改的属性之一。另外两个习惯 — “保持谨慎” 和 “避免看到美杜莎” — 可帮助您构建松散耦合的模块。要实现松散耦合的类，可通过养成降低类依赖关系的习惯实现。
坏习惯：紧密耦合
在清单 8 中，降低依赖关系并不是必须降低使用对象的客户机的依赖关系。相反，该示例将演示如何降低与正确类的依赖关系并最小化这种依赖关系。
清单 8. Address 中紧密耦合的坏习惯
<?php
require_once "./AddressFormatters.php";
class Address
{
private $addressLine1;
private $addressLine2;
private $city;
private $state; // or province...
private $postalCode;
private $country;
public function setAddressLine1($line1)
{
$this->addressLine1 = $line1;
}
/* accessors, etc... */
public function getCountry()
{
return $this->country;
}
public function format($type)
{
if ($type == "inline") {
$formatter = new InlineAddressFormatter();
} else if ($type == "multiline") {
$formatter = new MultilineAddressFormatter();
} else {
$formatter = new NullAddressFormatter();
}
return $formatter->format($this->getAddressLine1(),
$this->getAddressLine2(),
$this->getCity(), $this->getState(), $this->getPostalCode(),
$this->getCountry());
}
}
$addr = new Address();
$addr->setAddressLine1("123 Any St.");
$addr->setAddressLine2("Ste 200");
$addr->setCity("Anytown");
$addr->setState("AY");
$addr->setPostalCode("55555-0000");
$addr->setCountry("US");
echo($addr->format("multiline"));
echo("\n");
echo($addr->format("inline"));
echo("\n");
?>
require_once "./AddressFormatters.php";
class Address
{
private $addressLine1;
private $addressLine2;
private $city;
private $state; // or province...
private $postalCode;
private $country;
public function setAddressLine1($line1)
{
$this->addressLine1 = $line1;
}
/* accessors, etc... */
public function getCountry()
{
return $this->country;
}
public function format($type)
{
if ($type == "inline") {
$formatter = new InlineAddressFormatter();
} else if ($type == "multiline") {
$formatter = new MultilineAddressFormatter();
} else {
$formatter = new NullAddressFormatter();
}
return $formatter->format($this->getAddressLine1(),
$this->getAddressLine2(),
$this->getCity(), $this->getState(), $this->getPostalCode(),
$this->getCountry());
}
}
$addr = new Address();
$addr->setAddressLine1("123 Any St.");
$addr->setAddressLine2("Ste 200");
$addr->setCity("Anytown");
$addr->setState("AY");
$addr->setPostalCode("55555-0000");
$addr->setCountry("US");
echo($addr->format("multiline"));
echo("\n");
echo($addr->format("inline"));
echo("\n");
?>
