技术开发 频道

用JFreeChart增强JSP报表的用户体验



四.曲线图
接着我们来介绍曲线图的使用。在笔者日常的开发工作中,曲线图用得最多,它可以用来绘制趋势图、统计分析等。首先我们在WebRoot下建立一个line目录,用来存放曲线图实例的jsp页面。我们在该目录下建立sample1.jsp页面来做一个简单的曲线图的例子。在开始编码前,让我们来看看与画曲线图密切相关的几个类:
1) TimeSeriesCollection
曲线数据的集合。
2) TimeSeries
曲线信息序列。
3) ChartFactory
可以利用该类的createTimeSeriesChart方法来创建曲线的JFreeChart对象。
在下例中,我们显示阿蜜果的blog2007年度各月份的访问量情况,修改后的sample1.jsp的内容如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%>
<%@ page import = "org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory,
              org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart,
              org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities,
              org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle,
              org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeries,
              org.jfree.data.time.Month,
              org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeriesCollection,
              java.awt.Font"%>
<%
//访问量统计时间线
TimeSeries timeSeries = new TimeSeries("阿蜜果blog访问量统计", Month.class);
//时间曲线数据集合
TimeSeriesCollection lineDataset = new TimeSeriesCollection();
 
//构造数据集合
timeSeries.add(new Month(1, 2007), 11200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(2, 2007), 9000);
timeSeries.add(new Month(3, 2007), 6200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(4, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(5, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(6, 2007), 12200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(7, 2007), 13200);
timeSeries.add(new Month(8, 2007), 8300);
timeSeries.add(new Month(9, 2007), 12400);
timeSeries.add(new Month(10, 2007), 12500);
timeSeries.add(new Month(11, 2007), 13600);
timeSeries.add(new Month(12, 2007), 12500);
 
lineDataset.addSeries(timeSeries);
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart("访问量统计时间线", "月份", "访问量", lineDataset, true, true, true);
 
//设置子标题
TextTitle subtitle = new TextTitle("2007年度", new Font("黑体", Font.BOLD, 12));
chart.addSubtitle(subtitle);
//设置主标题
chart.setTitle(new TextTitle("阿蜜果blog访问量统计", new Font("隶书", Font.ITALIC, 15)));
chart.setAntiAlias(true);
 
String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, null, session);
String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename;
%>
<img src="<%= graphURL %>"width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= filename %>">
运行后的曲线效果如下图所示:



有时我们需要显示各数据点及其数值,这是我们需要对上例进行一点改动,在JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart……后,TextTitle subtitle = new TextTitle……前加上如下的代码:
XYPlot plot = (XYPlot) chart.getPlot();
XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)plot.getRenderer();
//设置网格背景颜色
plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
//设置网格竖线颜色
plot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.pink);
//设置网格横线颜色
plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.pink);
//设置曲线图与xy轴的距离
plot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(0D, 0D, 0D, 10D));
//设置曲线是否显示数据点
xylineandshaperenderer.setBaseShapesVisible(true);
//设置曲线显示各数据点的值
XYItemRenderer xyitem = plot.getRenderer();  
xyitem.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true);  
xyitem.setBasePositiveItemLabelPosition(new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.OUTSIDE12, TextAnchor.BASELINE_LEFT));
xyitem.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardXYItemLabelGenerator());
xyitem.setBaseItemLabelFont(new Font("Dialog", 1, 14));
plot.setRenderer(xyitem);
    并引入了一些另外的包,引入包的语句变成:
<%@ page import = "org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory,
              org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle,
              org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeries,
              org.jfree.data.time.Month,
              org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeriesCollection,
              org.jfree.chart.plot.XYPlot,
              org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYLineAndShapeRenderer,
              java.awt.Color,
              org.jfree.ui.RectangleInsets,
              java.awt.Font,
              org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYItemRenderer,
              org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart,
              org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities,
              org.jfree.chart.labels.*,
              org.jfree.ui.*"%>
       运行该实例,效果如下所示:


上面两例的曲线图都是但曲线的,有时候我们对两个曲线进行比较,例如对阿蜜果在2006年度和2007年度的blog访问量进行比较,在此种情况下,我们需要在一个曲线图中显示两个曲线。在此种情况下,我们只需要在sample1.jsp的基础上新建一个TimeSeries对象,给它添加数据后,将其添加到TimeSeriesCollection型数据集合对象中,修改后的程序主体部分如下所示:
//访问量统计时间线
TimeSeries timeSeries2006 = new TimeSeries("2006年度", Month.class);
TimeSeries timeSeries2007 = new TimeSeries("2007年度", Month.class);
//时间曲线数据集合
TimeSeriesCollection lineDataset = new TimeSeriesCollection();
 
//构造数据集合
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(1, 2007), 7200);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(2, 2007), 7000);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(3, 2007), 4200);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(4, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(5, 2007), 7300);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(6, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(7, 2007), 9200);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(8, 2007), 7300);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(9, 2007), 9400);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(10, 2007), 7500);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(11, 2007), 6600);
timeSeries2006.add(new Month(12, 2007), 3500);
 
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(1, 2007), 10200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(2, 2007), 9000);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(3, 2007), 6200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(4, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(5, 2007), 8200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(6, 2007), 11200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(7, 2007), 13200);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(8, 2007), 8300);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(9, 2007), 10400);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(10, 2007), 12500);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(11, 2007), 10600);
timeSeries2007.add(new Month(12, 2007), 10500);
 
lineDataset.addSeries(timeSeries2006);
lineDataset.addSeries(timeSeries2007);
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart("访问量统计时间线", "月份", "访问量", lineDataset, true, true, true);
 
//设置子标题
TextTitle subtitle = new TextTitle("2006/2007年度访问量对比", new Font("黑体", Font.BOLD, 12));
chart.addSubtitle(subtitle);
//设置主标题
chart.setTitle(new TextTitle("阿蜜果blog访问量统计", new Font("隶书", Font.ITALIC, 15)));
chart.setAntiAlias(true);
该例的运行效果如下:



五.    总结
本文通过详尽的实例讲述了如何利用JFreeChart开发常用的柱状图、饼图和曲线图。从这些实例中可以看出,JFreeChart是我们开发图表或报表的理想选择,它简单易用,并且容易理解,是我们开发的利刃。
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