二. 柱状图
在WebRoot目录下建立bar目录,用来存放柱状图的各个例子。首先在该目录下建立一个sample1.jsp文件,让我们来看一个简单的柱状图的例子,修改后的sample1.jsp的内容如下所示:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory, org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart, org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation, org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities, org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset"%> <% DefaultCategoryDataset dataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset(); dataset.addValue(610, "广州", "猪肉"); dataset.addValue(220, "广州", "牛肉"); dataset.addValue(530, "广州", "鸡肉"); dataset.addValue(340, "广州", "鱼肉"); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("肉类销量统计图", "肉类", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, false, false, false); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= filename %>">
在浏览器中输入地址:http://localhost:8080/jfreechart/bar/sample1.jsp,可看到如下柱状图:
上面的这个柱状图比较简单,稍显单调,在有些情况下,我们需要用不同颜色来表示不同的种类,或者在种类上标上具体数值,亦或需要加上3D水晶效果。下面让我们来做更深一步的探讨。接下来让我们看一个用不同颜色来表示不通种类的例子。在WebRoot的bar目录下新建sample2.jsp页面,将其代码修改如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory, org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart, org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation, org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities, org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset, org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities"%> <% double[][] data = new double[][] {{1310}, {720}, {1130}, {440}}; String[] rowKeys = {"猪肉", "牛肉","鸡肉", "鱼肉"}; String[] columnKeys = {""}; CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("广州肉类销量统计图", "肉类", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, false, false); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= filename %>">
该页面的运行效果如下图所示:
对比该例与前例,可看出createBarChart3D的倒数第三个参数修改成了true,该参数可用来显示下方的: 。上两例我们显示的只是一个城市的肉类销量,有时候我们有对比显示多个城市的不同肉类,只要将上例稍作修改即可。例如要在图中表示广州、深圳、东莞、佛山四个城市的四个肉类的销售情况,只需要将如下三句稍做修改:
double[][] data = new double[][] {{1310}, {720}, {1130}, {440}}; String[] rowKeys = {"猪肉", "牛肉","鸡肉", "鱼肉"}; String[] columnKeys = {""}; 例如修改成: double[][] data = new double[][] {{1310, 1220, 1110, 1000}, {720, 700, 680, 640}, {1130, 1020, 980, 800}, {440, 400, 360, 300}}; String[] rowKeys = {"猪肉", "牛肉","鸡肉", "鱼肉"}; String[] columnKeys = {"广州", "深圳", "东莞", "佛山"};
在运行该jsp页面,可看到如下界面:
在上述几例中,在某个柱子上都没有显示相应的数值,下面让我们为每个柱子都加上它的数值,我们新建一个sample4.jsp页面,其内容如下:
运行效果如下所示:<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory, org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart, org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation, org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities, org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset, org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities, org.jfree.chart.plot.*, org.jfree.chart.labels.*, org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.BarRenderer3D, java.awt.*, org.jfree.ui.*, org.jfree.chart.axis.AxisLocation"%> <% double[][] data = new double[][] {{1310, 1220, 1110, 1000}, {720, 700, 680, 640}, {1130, 1020, 980, 800}, {440, 400, 360, 300}}; String[] rowKeys = {"猪肉", "牛肉","鸡肉", "鱼肉"}; String[] columnKeys = {"广州", "深圳", "东莞", "佛山"}; CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("肉类销量统计图", "肉类", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false); CategoryPlot plot = chart.getCategoryPlot(); //设置网格背景颜色 plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); //设置网格竖线颜色 plot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //设置网格横线颜色 plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //显示每个柱的数值,并修改该数值的字体属性 BarRenderer3D renderer = new BarRenderer3D(); renderer.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardCategoryItemLabelGenerator()); renderer.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true); //默认的数字显示在柱子中,通过如下两句可调整数字的显示 //注意:此句很关键,若无此句,那数字的显示会被覆盖,给人数字没有显示出来的问题 renderer.setBasePositiveItemLabelPosition(new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.OUTSIDE12, TextAnchor.BASELINE_LEFT)); renderer.setItemLabelAnchorOffset(10D); //设置每个地区所包含的平行柱的之间距离 //renderer.setItemMargin(0.3); plot.setRenderer(renderer); //设置地区、销量的显示位置 //将下方的“肉类”放到上方 plot.setDomainAxisLocation(AxisLocation.TOP_OR_RIGHT); //将默认放在左边的“销量”放到右方 plot.setRangeAxisLocation(AxisLocation.BOTTOM_OR_RIGHT); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 700, 400, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=700 height=400 border=0 usemap="#<%= filename %>">
注意:jfreechart的很多版本不兼容,请大家在运行此例时确认下载了对应的版本。