技术开发 频道

Android美工坊:Selector选择器的使用

  【IT168技术】Android selector选择器可以让你切换自定义的背景风格,比如button、ListView、或者布局点击时候的背景切换等,都需要用到它

  背景可以是自定义到颜色,或者图片资源

  首先需要在你的res目录下创建drawable文件夹,然后在里面创建一个selector文件,如myselector.xml

  注:不知为什么,selector里面有关focus的东西在真机上没什么效果,反而会影响使用,比如android:state_focus="true",加上它就没有效果,去掉它就可以正常使用了

  默认情况下直接用下面的布局即可实现点击后即可切换背景,其实只需要两个item标签即可,当然,item标签内部可以用shape标签自定义不同的风格

  例子1:button点击效果

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    
<item
        android:state_pressed
="true"
        android:drawable
="@drawable/button_pressed"
        
></item>
    
<item
        android:drawable
="@drawable/button_normal"
        
></item>
</selector>

res
/layout/main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height
="fill_parent"
    android:orientation
="vertical" >
    
<Button
        android:id
="@+id/test"
        android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height
="wrap_content"
        android:background
="@drawable/myselectr"
        android:text
="Go Home"
        
/>
</LinearLayout>

 

  运行效果:

  这是正常情况

  这是点击后的效果

  当然,针对button的selector还有很多其他的配置,但是对于一般程序来说上面的配置就够了

  例子2:TextView点击效果

  这个例子是网上找的,演示的是一个用TextView来定义的一个Button,实现类似TabWidget风格的选项卡。

  自定义按钮,这里没有通过Button类或者子类去做派生,而是通过TextView派生出来的。

  在这里三个按钮是三个TextView派生类实例,中间的白线,是1px宽的白色矩形,这样就可以做出类似上面的效果。先看图

  点击后

  转自:http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/3059

  /res/drawable/background_color.xml 用shape标签自定义一个渐变背景

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    
<gradient
        android:startColor
="#FFFFFFFF"
        android:endColor
="#FFFFFFFF"
        android:angle
="270.0"
        android:centerY
="0.3"
        android:centerColor
="#FFBDBDBD"
        
/>
</shape>

/res/drawable/button_color.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    
<gradient
        android:startColor
="#FF7F7F7F"
        android:endColor
="#FF000000"
        android:angle
="270.0"
        
/>
</shape>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:constantSize
="true">
    
<!-- 获得焦点时的背景图片 -->
    
<item android:state_focused="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FFE5CF33"
                android:endColor
="#FFF1E7A2"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 设置相应所有事件 -->
    
<item android:state_enabled="true" android:state_pressed="false">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF1B1B1B"
                android:endColor
="#FF969696"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 按钮点击时的背景 -->
    
<item android:state_enabled="true" android:state_pressed="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<item android:state_enabled="false" android:state_pressed="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 默认情况下的背景 -->
    
<item>
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
</selector>

res
/drawable/button_selector.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:constantSize
="true">
    
<!-- 获得焦点时的背景图片 -->
    
<item android:state_focused="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FFE5CF33"
                android:endColor
="#FFF1E7A2"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 设置相应所有事件 -->
    
<item android:state_enabled="true" android:state_pressed="false">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF1B1B1B"
                android:endColor
="#FF969696"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 按钮点击时的背景 -->
    
<item android:state_enabled="true" android:state_pressed="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<item android:state_enabled="false" android:state_pressed="true">
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
    
<!-- 默认情况下的背景 -->
    
<item>
        
<shape>
            
<gradient
                android:startColor
="#FF000000"
                android:endColor
="#FF474747"
                android:angle
="90.0"
                
/>
        
</shape>
    
</item>
</selector>

res
/layout/main.xml,这个是主布局,由自定义的Button和1px的白色矩形组成
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height
="fill_parent"
    android:background
="@drawable/background_color"
    android:orientation
="vertical" >

    
<LinearLayout
        android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height
="10dip"
        
/>
    
<LinearLayout
        android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height
="40dip"
        
>
        
<com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton
            android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_weight
="1"
            android:text
="饮食"
            android:gravity
="center"
            android:background
="@drawable/button_selector"
            android:focusable
="true"
            android:clickable
="true"
            
/>
        
<View android:layout_width="2px" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
            android:background
="#FFFFFFFF"/>
        
<com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton
            android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_weight
="1"
            android:text
="旅行"
            android:gravity
="center"
            android:background
="@drawable/button_selector"
            android:focusable
="true"
            android:clickable
="true"
            
/>
        
<View android:layout_width="2px" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
            android:background
="#FFFFFFFF"/>
        
<com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton
            android:layout_width
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height
="fill_parent"
            android:layout_weight
="1"
            android:text
="体育"
            android:gravity
="center"
            android:background
="@drawable/button_selector"
            android:focusable
="true"
            android:clickable
="true"
            
/>
    
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

 

  继承自TextView的自定义Button

package com.loulijun.demo02;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class TextButton extends TextView {
    
public TextButton(Context context)
    {
        super(context);
    }
    
public TextButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
    {
        super(context,attrs,defStyle);
    }
    
public TextButton(final Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        this(context,attrs,
0);
        this.setOnTouchListener(
new OnTouchListener()
        {
            @Override
            
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                
if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL
                        ||event.getAction()
==MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                        ||event.getAction()
==MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE)
                {
                    Toast.makeText(context,
"hello", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                return
false;
            }
            
        });
    }
}

 

  主程序

package com.loulijun.demo02;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Demo02Activity extends Activity {
    
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }
}
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