【IT168 技术】虽然Redis已经很火了，相信还是有很多同学对Redis只是有所听闻或者了解并不全面，下面是一个比较系统的Redis介绍，对Redis的特性及各种数据类型及操作进行了介绍。是一个很不错的Redis入门教程。
一、介绍
1、Redis是什么
REmote DIctionary Server(Redis) 是一个由Salvatore Sanfilippo写的key-value存储系统。Redis提供了一些丰富的数据结构，包括 lists, sets, ordered sets 以及 hashes ，当然还有和Memcached一样的 strings结构.Redis当然还包括了对这些数据结构的丰富操作。
2、Redis的优点
性能极高 – Redis能支持超过 100K+ 每秒的读写频率。
丰富的数据类型 – Redis支持二进制案例的 Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 数据类型操作。
原子 – Redis的所有操作都是原子性的，同时Redis还支持对几个操作全并后的原子性执行。
丰富的特性 – Redis还支持 publish/subscribe, 通知, key 过期等等特性。
二、数据类型
1、String类型
Redis能存储二进制安全的字符串，最大长度为1GB
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe"
String类型还支持批量的读写操作
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET age 30 sex "male"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET age sex
1) "30"
2) "male"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET age sex
1) "30"
2) "male"
String类型其实也可以用来存储数字，并支持对数字的加减操作。
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR age
(integer) 31
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY age 4
(integer) 35
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"35"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR age
(integer) 34
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY age 4
(integer) 30
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"30"
(integer) 31
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY age 4
(integer) 35
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"35"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR age
(integer) 34
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY age 4
(integer) 30
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET age
"30"
String类型还支持对其部分的修改和获取操作
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND name " Mr."
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe Mr."
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN name
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSTR name 0 3
"John"
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"John Doe Mr."
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN name
(integer) 12
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSTR name 0 3
"John"
2、List类型
Redis能够将数据存储成一个链表，并能对这个链表进行丰富的操作：
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Captain Kirk"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Sheldon Cooper"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Sheldon Cooper"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP students
"Sheldon Cooper"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"
2) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 0
1) "Captain Kirk"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Captain Kirk"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Sheldon Cooper"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Sheldon Cooper"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP students
"Sheldon Cooper"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"
2) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 0
1) "Captain Kirk"
Redis也支持很多修改操作：
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT students BEFORE "Captain Kirk" "Dexter Morgan"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Peter Parker"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 3
1) "Peter Parker"
2) "Dexter Morgan"
3) "Captain Kirk"
4) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM students 1 3
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH students "Peter Parker"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 3
1) "Peter Parker"
2) "Dexter Morgan"
3) "Captain Kirk"
4) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM students 1 3
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 2
1) "Dexter Morgan"
2) "Captain Kirk"
3) "John Doe"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM students 1 "John Doe"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN students
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE students 0 1
1) "Captain Kirk"
