使用智能指针
如果你经常使用用享对象指针，如COM 接口等，那么建议使用智能指针来处理。智能指针会自动帮助你维护对象引用记数，并且保证你不会访问到被删除的对象。这样，不需要关心和控制接口的生命周期。关于智能指针的进一步知识可以看看Smart Pointers - What, Why, Which? 和 Implementing a Simple Smart Pointer in C++这两篇文章。
如面是一个展示使用ATL's CComPtr template 智能指针的代码，该部分代码来至于MSDN。
#include <windows.h>
#include <shobjidl.h>
#include <atlbase.h> // Contains the declaration of CComPtr.
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED |
COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
CComPtr<IFileOpenDialog> pFileOpen;
// Create the FileOpenDialog object.
hr = pFileOpen.CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(FileOpenDialog));
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Show the Open dialog box.
hr = pFileOpen->Show(NULL);
// Get the file name from the dialog box.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
CComPtr<IShellItem> pItem;
hr = pFileOpen->GetResult(&pItem);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
PWSTR pszFilePath;
hr = pItem->GetDisplayName(SIGDN_FILESYSPATH, &pszFilePath);
// Display the file name to the user.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
MessageBox(NULL, pszFilePath, L"File Path", MB_OK);
CoTaskMemFree(pszFilePath);
}
}
// pItem goes out of scope.
}
// pFileOpen goes out of scope.
}
CoUninitialize();
}
return 0;
}
#include <shobjidl.h>
#include <atlbase.h> // Contains the declaration of CComPtr.
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED |
COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
CComPtr<IFileOpenDialog> pFileOpen;
// Create the FileOpenDialog object.
hr = pFileOpen.CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(FileOpenDialog));
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Show the Open dialog box.
hr = pFileOpen->Show(NULL);
// Get the file name from the dialog box.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
CComPtr<IShellItem> pItem;
hr = pFileOpen->GetResult(&pItem);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
PWSTR pszFilePath;
hr = pItem->GetDisplayName(SIGDN_FILESYSPATH, &pszFilePath);
// Display the file name to the user.
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
MessageBox(NULL, pszFilePath, L"File Path", MB_OK);
CoTaskMemFree(pszFilePath);
}
}
// pItem goes out of scope.
}
// pFileOpen goes out of scope.
}
CoUninitialize();
}
return 0;
}
注意使用==运算符
先来看看如下代码：
CVehicle* pVehicle = GetCurrentVehicle();
// Validate pointer
if(pVehicle==NULL) // Using == operator to compare pointer with NULL
return FALSE;
// Do something with the pointer
pVehicle->Run();
// Validate pointer
if(pVehicle==NULL) // Using == operator to compare pointer with NULL
return FALSE;
// Do something with the pointer
pVehicle->Run();
上面的代码是正确的,用语指针检测。但是如果不小心用“=”替换了“==”，如下代码：
CVehicle* pVehicle = GetCurrentVehicle();
// Validate pointer
if(pVehicle=NULL) // Oops! A mistyping here!
return FALSE;
// Do something with the pointer
pVehicle->Run(); // Crash!!!
// Validate pointer
if(pVehicle=NULL) // Oops! A mistyping here!
return FALSE;
// Do something with the pointer
pVehicle->Run(); // Crash!!!
看看上面的代码,这个的一个失误将导致程序崩溃。
这样的错误是可以避免的，只需要将等号左右两边交换一下就可以了。如果在修改代码的时候，你不小心产生这种失误，这个错误在程序编译的时候将被检测出来。
