2. CountDownLatch
如果 Semaphore 是允许一次进入一个(这可能会勾起一些流行夜总会的保安的记忆)线程的并发性类，那么 CountDownLatch 就像是赛马场的起跑门栅。此类持有所有空闲线程，直到满足特定条件，这时它将会一次释放所有这些线程。
清单 2. CountDownLatch：让我们去赛马吧!
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class Race
{
private Random rand = new Random();
private int distance = rand.nextInt(250);
private CountDownLatch start;
private CountDownLatch finish;
private List<String> horses = new ArrayList<String>();
public Race(String... names)
{
this.horses.addAll(Arrays.asList(names));
}
public void run()
throws InterruptedException
{
System.out.println("And the horses are stepping up to the gate...");
final CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch finish = new CountDownLatch(horses.size());
final List<String> places =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
for (final String h : horses)
{
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try
{
System.out.println(h +
" stepping up to the gate...");
start.await();
int traveled = 0;
while (traveled < distance)
{
// In a 0-2 second period of time....
Thread.sleep(rand.nextInt(3) * 1000);
// ... a horse travels 0-14 lengths
traveled += rand.nextInt(15);
System.out.println(h +
" advanced to " + traveled + "!");
}
finish.countDown();
System.out.println(h +
" crossed the finish!");
places.add(h);
}
catch (InterruptedException intEx)
{
System.out.println("ABORTING RACE!!!");
intEx.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
System.out.println("And... they're off!");
start.countDown();
finish.await();
System.out.println("And we have our winners!");
System.out.println(places.get(0) + " took the gold...");
System.out.println(places.get(1) + " got the silver...");
System.out.println("and " + places.get(2) + " took home the bronze.");
}
}
public class CDLApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws InterruptedException, java.io.IOException
{
System.out.println("Prepping...");
Race r = new Race(
"Beverly Takes a Bath",
"RockerHorse",
"Phineas",
"Ferb",
"Tin Cup",
"I'm Faster Than a Monkey",
"Glue Factory Reject"
);
System.out.println("It's a race of " + r.getDistance() + " lengths");
System.out.println("Press Enter to run the race....");
System.in.read();
r.run();
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class Race
{
private Random rand = new Random();
private int distance = rand.nextInt(250);
private CountDownLatch start;
private CountDownLatch finish;
private List<String> horses = new ArrayList<String>();
public Race(String... names)
{
this.horses.addAll(Arrays.asList(names));
}
public void run()
throws InterruptedException
{
System.out.println("And the horses are stepping up to the gate...");
final CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch finish = new CountDownLatch(horses.size());
final List<String> places =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
for (final String h : horses)
{
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try
{
System.out.println(h +
" stepping up to the gate...");
start.await();
int traveled = 0;
while (traveled < distance)
{
// In a 0-2 second period of time....
Thread.sleep(rand.nextInt(3) * 1000);
// ... a horse travels 0-14 lengths
traveled += rand.nextInt(15);
System.out.println(h +
" advanced to " + traveled + "!");
}
finish.countDown();
System.out.println(h +
" crossed the finish!");
places.add(h);
}
catch (InterruptedException intEx)
{
System.out.println("ABORTING RACE!!!");
intEx.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
System.out.println("And... they're off!");
start.countDown();
finish.await();
System.out.println("And we have our winners!");
System.out.println(places.get(0) + " took the gold...");
System.out.println(places.get(1) + " got the silver...");
System.out.println("and " + places.get(2) + " took home the bronze.");
}
}
public class CDLApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws InterruptedException, java.io.IOException
{
System.out.println("Prepping...");
Race r = new Race(
"Beverly Takes a Bath",
"RockerHorse",
"Phineas",
"Ferb",
"Tin Cup",
"I'm Faster Than a Monkey",
"Glue Factory Reject"
);
System.out.println("It's a race of " + r.getDistance() + " lengths");
System.out.println("Press Enter to run the race....");
System.in.read();
r.run();
}
}
注意，在 清单 2 中，CountDownLatch 有两个用途：首先，它同时释放所有线程，模拟马赛的起点，但随后会设置一个门闩模拟马赛的终点。这样，“主” 线程就可以输出结果。 为了让马赛有更多的输出注释，可以在赛场的 “转弯处” 和 “半程” 点，比如赛马跨过跑道的四分之一、二分之一和四分之三线时，添加 CountDownLatch。
