【IT168技术文档】
转载自Jeff Zhao的博客
重复运算
问题
“延迟”的本意是“减少计算”，但是如果您使用不当，很可能反而会造成“重复计算”。例如，我们首先构建一个方法，它接受一个参数n，返回一个Func<int, bool>对象：
static Func<int, bool> DivideBy(int n)
{
return x =>
{
bool divisible = x % n == 0;
Console.WriteLine(
"{0} can be divisible by {1}? {2}",
x, n, divisible ? "Yes" : "No");
return divisible;
};
}
返回的Func<int, bool>对象会根据传入的参数x，返回一个表示x能否被n整除的布尔值。在这过程中，还会向控制台输出一句话，例如：“10 can be divisible by 3? No”。每当看到这句话，则表明“经过了一次判断”。那么您是否知道，下面的代码会输出什么结果呢？
List<int> values = new List<int>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) values.Add(i);
var divideByTwo = values.Where(DivideBy(2));
var divideByTwoAndThree = divideByTwo.Where(DivideBy(3));
var divideByTwoAndFive = divideByTwo.Where(DivideBy(5));
foreach (var i in divideByTwoAndThree) { }
foreach (var i in divideByTwoAndFive) { }
结果如下：
0 can be divisible by 2? Yes
0 can be divisible by 3? Yes
1 can be divisible by 2? No
2 can be divisible by 2? Yes
2 can be divisible by 3? No
3 can be divisible by 2? No
4 can be divisible by 2? Yes
4 can be divisible by 3? No
5 can be divisible by 2? No
6 can be divisible by 2? Yes
6 can be divisible by 3? Yes
7 can be divisible by 2? No
8 can be divisible by 2? Yes
8 can be divisible by 3? No
9 can be divisible by 2? No
0 can be divisible by 2? Yes
0 can be divisible by 5? Yes
1 can be divisible by 2? No
2 can be divisible by 2? Yes
2 can be divisible by 5? No
3 can be divisible by 2? No
4 can be divisible by 2? Yes
4 can be divisible by 5? No
5 can be divisible by 2? No
6 can be divisible by 2? Yes
6 can be divisible by 5? No
7 can be divisible by 2? No
8 can be divisible by 2? Yes
8 can be divisible by 5? No
9 can be divisible by 2? No
您是否发现，无论是在遍历divideByTwoAndThree和divideByTwoAndFive序列时，都会从原有的values序列里重新判断每个元素是否能够被2整除？这就是.NET 3.5中“Where”的延迟特性，如果您在这里没有意识到这点，就可能会产生重复计算，浪费了计算能力。
解决方案
解决这个问题的方法就是在合适的时候进行“强制计算”。例如：
var divideByTwo = values.Where(DivideBy(2)).ToList();
var divideByTwoAndThree = divideByTwo.Where(DivideBy(3));
var divideByTwoAndFive = divideByTwo.Where(DivideBy(5));
结果就变成了：
0 can be divisible by 2? Yes
1 can be divisible by 2? No
2 can be divisible by 2? Yes
3 can be divisible by 2? No
4 can be divisible by 2? Yes
5 can be divisible by 2? No
6 can be divisible by 2? Yes
7 can be divisible by 2? No
8 can be divisible by 2? Yes
9 can be divisible by 2? No
0 can be divisible by 3? Yes
2 can be divisible by 3? No
4 can be divisible by 3? No
6 can be divisible by 3? Yes
8 can be divisible by 3? No
0 can be divisible by 5? Yes
2 can be divisible by 5? No
4 can be divisible by 5? No
6 can be divisible by 5? No
8 can be divisible by 5? No
此时，在获得divideByTwo序列时，就会立即进行计算，这样在遍历后两者时就不会重复计算1，3，5等元素了。
