Preparing for the Interview

    准备访谈

    Before undertaking an interview the analyst should have a good understanding of the organization, its industry setting and the project's scope and objectives. This involves reviewing:

    · Organization reports

    · Annual reports

    · Long-range planning documents

    · Statements of departmental goals

    · Existing procedure manuals and

    · Systems documentation

    在进行访谈前，需求分析者应该很好的理解组织结构，行业定位和项目范围和项目目标，访谈会涉及下面内容：

    · 组织结构报告

    · 年度报告

    · 长期发展计划

    · 部门目标的陈述

    · 已有程序手册

    · 系统文档

    Analysts must understand common industry terms (glossary) and be somewhat familiar with the business problems of the industry.

    需求分析者应该理解一般的行业术语（术语表）并且还要熟悉行业上的业务问题

    Planning and Scheduling the Interview

    计划访谈日程

    Prepare a list of topics and questions to be covered to help ensure that important points are not overlooked and that the interview follows a logical progression.

    准备列表，列出主要话题或问题。这些问题可以找出未意识到的重点，还能有逻辑的引导访谈进行

    Scheduling the interview should proceed from the top down. Heads of departments or sections are usually interviewed before the employees who report to them.

    安排访谈应遵循自上而下的进行。首先访谈部门或地区的领导，然后才是他们下属的雇员。

    While requesting for the meeting, team members should explain the purpose of the interview, the general areas to be covered and the approximate amount of time required to cover all areas.

    在邀请对方进行会谈时，要解释这次会谈的目的，一般会涉及哪些领域，以及大致需要的时间。

    Opening and Closing the Interview

    访谈开始和结束

    While opening an interview, introduce yourself, state the purpose of the interview, address any concerns raised by the interviewee, and explain that brief notes will be taken and shared with the interviewee after they have been organized.

    开始访谈时，先介绍你自己，陈述这次访谈的目的，谈谈被访谈者关心的事，并说明有一些简短的会谈记要，在整理后会交给对方审阅。

    Often interviewees are concerned that an analyst is trying to find fault with the way they work. One way to set them at ease is to get them to talk about processes with which they are familiar. The best interviews are those where the interviewees do most of the talking. Therefore, analysts should look for ways to get interviewees to open up to them.

    For example:

    一般被访谈者认为需求分析者试图找到他们工作中的缺陷。使他们摆脱这种观点。可以讨论他们所熟悉的日常工作的过程。好的访谈者会让被访谈者作为主讲人。因此，需求分析人员应该寻找一些问题让被访谈者对他们开诚布公：

    例如：

    "What one change would make your job easier or more effective?"

    This question elicits suggestions for improvement.

    When all areas on the interview outline have been explored, ask questions like:

    "Is there anything we've overlooked?" or

    "What other areas should I have asked you about?"

    This encourages the interviewee to discuss issues that should have been covered.

    “怎样的变化将使你的工作更简单或更有效？ ”

    这个问题暗示被访谈者提出改进意见

    当列表中的所有领域都讨论过后，提出下面问题：

    “还有什么问题我们没有讨论吗？”或是

    “我们还需要讨论些别的内容吗？”

    这些问题鼓励被访谈者提出所有应该被讨论的问题。

    Closing the interview involves briefly summarizing the areas that have been discussed, highlighting the important facts and your understanding of them. This lets the interviewee know that you have been listening carefully during the interview and provides an opportunity for clarifying any misunderstandings.

    结束会谈时，一般会简短的总结讨论过的问题，重点指出会谈的要点，并说出你的理解。这使被访谈者知道你认真倾听了谈话，而且有机会澄清误解。

    During the summary, as well as during the entire interview, the analyst should adopt a posture of objectivity and avoid personal comments, observations, or conclusions.

    在总结会谈以及整个会谈中，需求分析者应采取客观的态度，避免带个人色彩的评论，观察或结论。

    Finally, in closing, you must thank the interviewee for the time and ask if a shorter follow- up interview can be scheduled at a later date, if necessary.

    最后，你必须感谢被访谈者参加这次访谈。如有必要，询问被访谈者能否在近期再参加一次简短的后继访谈活动。