7.预防测试
概念:Preventive Testing requires the creation of test cases to validate the requirements before the code is written.
8.STEP方法
•STEP: Systematic Test and Evaluation Process
•STEP重点强调了软件测试的预防能力
•软件测试是与软件的开发和维护并行执行的过程,包括以下几个活动:
Planning (determining risks and selecting strategies)
Analysis (setting tests objectives and requirements)
Design (specifying tests to be developed)
Implementation (constructing or acquiring the test procedures and cases)
Execution (running and rerunning the tests)
Maintenance (saving and updating the tests as the software changes)
9. STEP体系结构
l 策略计划(Plan Strategy)
P1 建立总体测试计划
P2 开发详细的测试计划
l 获取A1 列出测试目标清单(基于需求、基于设计和基于实现)
A2 设计测试(体系结构和环境、基于需求、基于设计和基于实现)
A3 实现计划和设计
M1 执行测试。
M2 检查测试集的充分性
M3 评价软件和测试过程 STEP角色和职责
Manager: Communicate plan and coordinate
Analyst: Plan inventory design and evaluate
Technician: Implement execute check
Reviewer: Examine and evaluate
11.STEP工作产品
Testware : the major testing products such as test plans and test specification documents and the implemented test procedures, test cases, and test data files.
IEEE标准829-1998:软件测试文档编制标准----测试文档模板–测试计划
用于总体测试计划和针对等级的测试计划。
–测试设计规格说明
用于每个测试等级,以指定测试集的体系结构和覆盖跟踪。
–测试用例规格说明
按需要使用,用于描述测试用例或自动化脚本。
–测试规程规格说明
用于指定执行一个测试用例集的步骤。
–测试日志
按需要使用,用于记录测试规程的执行情况。
–测试意外事件报告
用来描述出现在测试过程或产品中的异常情况。
–测试总结报告
用于报告某个测试等级的完成情况或一个等级内主要测试目标的完成情况
12.STEP方法总结
Methodology Focus Planning Acquisition Coverage Visibility
STEP Prevention & Risk Management Begins Duration Requirements Definition Begins
Duration Requirements Definition Known(Relative to inventories) Fully Documented & Evaluated
Prevalent Industry Practice Detection & Demonstrate Begin After Software Design Begin After Software Design Largely Unknown Largely
Undocumented With Little or No Evaluation