Oracle RMAN物理备份技术详解 - 技术频道

RMAN备份的查询和报告

LIST命令：

LIST BACKUP;       # lists backup sets, image copies, and proxy copies
LIST BACKUPSET;    # lists only backup sets and proxy copies
LIST COPY;         # lists only disk copies
LIST BACKUP BY FILE; # shows backup sets, proxy copies, and image copies
LIST COPY BY FILE;   # shows only disk copies
LIST EXPIRED BACKUP;
LIST EXPIRED BACKUP BY FILE;
LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;  # lists backup sets, proxy copies, and disk copies
LIST EXPIRED BACKUP SUMMARY;
LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE;     # lists backups of all files in database
LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 'ora_home/oradata/trgt/system01.dbf';     
                           # lists copy of specified datafile
LIST BACKUPSET 213;     # lists specified backup set
LIST DATAFILECOPY '/tmp/tools01.dbf';     # lists datafile copy
LIST BACKUPSET TAG 'weekly_full_db_backup';        # specify a backup set by tag
LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 'ora_home/oradata/trgt/system01.dbf' DEVICE TYPE sbt;
                                   # specify a backup or copy by device type
LIST BACKUP LIKE '/tmp/%';    # specify a backup by directory or path
LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 2 COMPLETED BETWEEN '10-DEC-2002' AND '17-DEC-2002'; 
                   # specify a backup or copy by a range of completion dates
LIST ARCHIVELOG ALL BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DEVICE TYPE sbt; 
                   # specify logs backed up at least twice to tape
LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 1;
LIST BACKUP OF TABLESPACE;
LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE;
LIST BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL;    #简要信息
LIST BACKUP OF ARCHIVELOG ALL;    #详细信息
LIST BACKUP OF CONTROFILE;
LIST BACKUP OF SPFILE;

举个例子：

RMAN>list backup summary;
RMAN> list backup summary;

备份列表：

===============
关键字     TY LV S 设备类型 完成时间   段数 副本数 压缩标记
------- -- -- - ----------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
1       B  F  A DISK        02-1月 -07 1       1       NO      TAG20070102T162107
2       B  F  A DISK        02-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070102T162107
3       B  F  A DISK        03-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070103T151828
4       B  F  A DISK        03-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070103T151828
5       B  F  A DISK        03-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070103T152054
…………….
14      B  A  X DISK        04-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070104T083259
15      B  A  X DISK        04-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070104T083259
…………….
79      B  0  A DISK        12-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070112T135430
80      B  1  A DISK        12-1月 -07 1       1       NO         TAG20070112T135540

B 表示 backup
F 表示 FULL
A 表示 archive log
0 1 表示 incremental backup
S 说明备份状态 （A　AVAILABLE　　　X EXPIRED )

如果我们进行OPEN RESETLOGS方式恢复数据库，RMAN将会记录一个标记 (INCARNATION)。我们在做增量备份的时候，可以以当前的或者以前的标记做为基础；如果保留了足够的归档日志文件，我们也可以以当前的或者以前的标记进行恢复reset database to incarnation 1;关于这方面恢复我们将在以后进行详细示例阐述。

RMAN> LIST INCARNATION;

如果这册了多个数据库我们用带有OF DATABASE参数的命令来区别不同数据库。

RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE prod3;
RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE;
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- ------  ---------- ----------
1       1       RDBMS    774627068        PARENT  1          21-OCT-03
2       2       RDBMS    774627068        CURRENT 173832     21-OCT-03

REPORT命令

报告需要备份的文件：

我们首先要执行交叉校验，然后可以利用REPORT命令报告需要备份的，RMAN根据我们的备份保留策略来给出结果。

CROSSCHECK BACKUP;  # crosschecks backup sets and proxy copies
CROSSCHECK COPY;    # crosschecks only disk copies of archived redo logs, 
                                                datafiles and control file
RMAN>REPORT NEED BACKUP;
RMAN 保留策略将应用于该命令
将 RMAN 保留策略设置为冗余 1
文件冗余备份少于1个
文件 #bkps 名称
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
5    0     E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ROME\TEST.DBF

我们也可以给出DAYS参数来按照我们的要求时间让RMAN给出需要备份的结果。如下例：

REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 1 DATABASE;  # needs min 1 days of logs to recover
REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 10 TABLESPACE SYSTEM;
REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 5 DATAFILE '…/tools01.dbf';

我们也可以报告那些文件需要进行增量备份：

REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 1 DATABASE;
REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 3 TABLESPACE SYSTEM;
REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 5 DATAFILE '…/users01.dbf';

报告过期备份：

CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
# lists backups that not needed to recover the database to within last week
REPORT OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
# lists backups that are superfluous because more than 2 copies are on tape
REPORT OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY = 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt;

ORPHAN参数报告在同一个标记 (INCARNATION)中间断的备份，前一个备份和后一个备份不连续，也就是说同一个标记(INCARNATION)中两个备份中间有被删除的备份。

REPORT OBSOLETE ORPHAN;

删除过期备份：

# delete obsolete backups displayed when you issue REPORT OBSOLETE
DELETE OBSOLETE;
# delete obsolete backups according to a specified recovery window
DELETE OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
# delete obsolete backups according to a specified redundancy
DELETE OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY = 2;

报告数据库方案：

REPORT SCHEMA AT TIME 'SYSDATE-14';     # schema as it was two weeks ago
REPORT SCHEMA AT SCN 1000;              # schema as it was at scn 1000
REPORT SCHEMA AT SEQUENCE 100 THREAD 1; # schema as it was at sequence 100
REPORT SCHEMA AT SCN 1000;