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HTML5实验:JavaScript模拟流体效果

        【IT168 技术】把现实世界当中的物体模拟到计算机当中,一些简单的物理实验、碰撞旋转等等难度还是不算很大,难度较大的应当算流体模拟。

  本文将在Canvas当中模拟出一个2D平面内的水珠,涉及的知识点和技巧包括:Jscex基础知识,贝塞尔曲线的绘制,合理利用CanvasRenderingContext2D的translate和rotate等API。

  绘制椭圆

  在模拟水滴之前,我们先思考一下怎么在canvas当中绘制一个椭圆。

  大家可以很容易想到 下面几种方案:

  1.根据椭圆笛卡尔坐标系方程绘制

  2.根据椭圆极坐标方程绘制

  3.根据椭圆曲率变化绘制

  4.利用四条贝塞尔曲线绘制

  第四中,也是性能较好的一种,这样可以避免复杂的计算,充分利用CanvasRenderingContext2D的API(API的性能是通过严格测试,一般情况下比较靠谱).

  所以我们采用第四种方式来绘制椭圆。

var canvas;
         var ctx;
         canvas
= document.getElementById("myCanvas1");
         ctx
= canvas.getContext("2d");
         ctx.strokeStyle
= "#fff";
        
function drawEllipse(x, y, w, h) {
             var k
= 0.5522848;
             var ox
= (w / 2) * k;
             var oy
= (h / 2) * k;
             var xe
= x + w;
             var ye
= y + h;
             var xm
= x + w / 2;
             var ym
= y + h / 2;
             ctx.beginPath();
             ctx.moveTo(x, ym);
             ctx.bezierCurveTo(x, ym
- oy, xm - ox, y, xm, y);
             ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
+ ox, y, xe, ym - oy, xe, ym);
             ctx.bezierCurveTo(xe, ym
+ oy, xm + ox, ye, xm, ye);
             ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
- ox, ye, x, ym + oy, x, ym);
             ctx.stroke();
         }
         ctx.clearRect(
0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
         drawEllipse(
10, 10, 40, 82);

  (改变drawEllipse的四个参数试试)

  旋转椭圆

  这里的旋转不是绕上面的drawEllipse的前两个参数x,y旋转,二是绕椭圆的中心旋转。所以仅仅CanvasRenderingContext2D.rotate是不够的,因为CanvasRenderingContext2D.rotate是绕画布的左上角(0,0)旋转。所以我们先要把(0,0)通过CanvasRenderingContext2D.translate到椭圆的中心,然后再drawEllipse(-a/2, –b/2, a, b).

  上面这句话,就是绕中心旋转的核心。这里还可以推广到任意图形或者图片(假设有约定的中心)。如图:

  然后我们就可以先绘制一个鸟巢出来:

<html>
<head>
    
<script src="http://files.cnblogs.com/iamzhanglei/jscex.jscexRequire.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>

<style type="text/css">

    input.css3btn

    {

        background:
-moz-linear-gradient(270deg, #d2ebf8, #0c8ab5);

        background:
-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #d2ebf8, #0c8ab5);

        background:
-o-linear-gradient(top, #d2ebf8, #0c8ab5);

        
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(GradientType=0, StartColorStr='#000099CC', EndColorStr='#FF0087B4');

        border
-top: 1px solid #38538c;

        border
-right: 1px solid #1f2d4d;

        border
-bottom: 1px solid #151e33;

        border
-left: 1px solid #1f2d4d;

        border
-radius: 4px;

        box
-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0px #1f3053, 0 4px 4px 1px #111111;

        color: #f0f0f0;

        font: bold 20px
"helvetica neue" , helvetica, arial, sans-serif;

        padding: 10px
0 10px 0;

        text
-align: center;

        text
-shadow: 0px -1px 1px #1e2d4d;

        width: 150px;

        background
-clip: padding-box;

    }

    input.css3btn:hover

    {

        box
-shadow: inset 0 0px 20px 1px #87adff, 0px 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 3px 0px #1f3053, 0 4px 4px 1px #111111;

        cursor: pointer;

    }

    input.css3btn:active

    {

        box
-shadow: inset 0 1px 10px 1px #5c8bee, 0 1px 0 #1d2c4d, 0 2px 0 #1f3053, 0 4px 3px 0 #111111;

        margin
-top: 1px;

    }

</style>
    
<canvas id="myCanvas2" width="350" height="350" style="border: solid 15px #222; background-color: #111;

        color: #CCC;
">
Your browser does not support the canvas element.
</canvas>
    
<script>

        var canvas;

        var ctx;



        var px
= 0;

        var py
= 0;

        
function init() {

            canvas
= document.getElementById("myCanvas2");

            ctx
= canvas.getContext("2d");

            ctx.strokeStyle
= "#fff";

            ctx.translate(
70, 70);

        }



        init();

        var i
= 0;

        
function drawEllipse(x, y, w, h) {

            var k
= 0.5522848;

            var ox
= (w / 2) * k;

            var oy
= (h / 2) * k;

            var xe
= x + w;

            var ye
= y + h;

            var xm
= x + w / 2;

            var ym
= y + h / 2;

            ctx.beginPath();

            ctx.moveTo(x, ym);

            ctx.bezierCurveTo(x, ym
- oy, xm - ox, y, xm, y);

            ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
+ ox, y, xe, ym - oy, xe, ym);

            ctx.bezierCurveTo(xe, ym
+ oy, xm + ox, ye, xm, ye);

            ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
- ox, ye, x, ym + oy, x, ym);

            ctx.stroke();

            ctx.translate(x
+ 70, y + 100);

            px
= -70;

            py
= -100;

            ctx.rotate(
10 * Math.PI * 2 / 360);

        }

        var ct;

        var drawAsync
= eval(Jscex.compile("async", function (ct) {

            
while (true) {

                drawEllipse(px, py,
140, 200)

                $await(Jscex.Async.sleep(
200, ct));

            }



        }))



        
function Button1_onclick() {

            ct.cancel();

        }



        
function Button2_onclick() {

            ct
= new Jscex.Async.CancellationToken();

            drawAsync(ct).start();

        }


    
</script>
    
<br />
    
<input id="Button2" class="css3btn" type="button" value="run" onclick="return Button2_onclick()" />
    
<input id="Button1" class="css3btn" type="button" value="stop" onclick="return Button1_onclick()" />
</body>
</html>

 

HTML5实验:JavaScript模拟流体效果

  绘制水滴

  旋转的椭圆和鸟巢神马的和水滴有什么关系呢?

  我们通过改变椭圆的长轴和短轴,令其非常接近圆形(只能接近,不能等于圆形),然后每次旋转擦除画布,就可以达你预想不到的效果!

  这里需要注意的是,擦除画布不再是一句CanvasRenderingContext2D.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height)就可以,因为画布已经旋转和画布原点已经translate,所以我们使用 ctx.clearRect(-canvas.width, -canvas.height, 2 * canvas.width, 2 * canvas.height)来擦除画布。

  我们画一个长轴42,短轴40的椭圆,旋转并擦除画布:

function drawEllipse(x, y, w, h) {

  ctx.clearRect(
-canvas.width, -canvas.height, 2 * canvas.width, 2 * canvas.height);

  var k
= 0.5522848;

  var ox
= (w / 2) * k;

  var oy
= (h / 2) * k;

  var xe
= x + w;

  var ye
= y + h;

  var xm
= x + w / 2;

  var ym
= y + h / 2;

  ctx.beginPath();

  ctx.moveTo(x, ym);

  ctx.bezierCurveTo(x, ym
- oy, xm - ox, y, xm, y);

  ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
+ ox, y, xe, ym - oy, xe, ym);

  ctx.bezierCurveTo(xe, ym
+ oy, xm + ox, ye, xm, ye);

  ctx.bezierCurveTo(xm
- ox, ye, x, ym + oy, x, ym);

  ctx.stroke();

  ctx.translate(x
+ 20, y + 21);

  px
= -20;

  py
= -21;

  ctx.rotate(
10 * Math.PI * 2 / 360);

  }

  var ct;

  var drawAsync
= eval(Jscex.compile("async", function (ct) {

  
while (true) {

  drawEllipse(px, py,
40, 42)

  $await(Jscex.Async.sleep(
10, ct));

  }

  }))

  会是什么效果呢?

  在线演示效果查看http://www.cnblogs.com/iamzhanglei/archive/2011/12/12/2284188.html

  现在大家可以看到一个晃动的水珠了,流体实验刚刚开始,这篇只是一个起点····

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