【IT168 应用】本文将指导大家如何使用Spring MVC3去构建一个Web应用。在Spring MVC中,所有的用户请求都会被派发到控制器模块,控制器然后再根据业务逻辑去调用数据访问层获得数据,最后通过JSP视图返回。
在动手之前,我们先准备好我们的环境,需要的是JDK 1.5以上以及Eclipse IDE,当然还要下载最新版本的Spring 3,本文还要下载最新版本的ant,以便我们学习如何通过ant去构建应用。
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第一步
首先在Eclipse中利用新建菜单,建立一个Dynamic Web Project(动态Web工程),命名为SampleSpringMVC,接下来,我们要建立一个ant.xml的文件,这个文件会方便我们把做好的程序打包成war文件,这个可以有如下几步去实现:
1、点文件—新建—文件,如下图:
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2、输入ant.xml作为文件名,并点完成。如下图:
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3、打开ant.xml文件,编辑内容如下:
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
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<project name="SampleSpringMVC" basedir="." default="build">
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<property file="ant.properties"/>
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<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
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<property name="war.dir" value="war"/>
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<property name="build.dir" value="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
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<property name="deploy.path" value="${tomcat.home}/webapps"/>
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<property name="name" value="SampleSpringMVC"/>
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<path id="master-classpath">
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<fileset dir="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
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<include name="*.jar"/>
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</fileset>
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<fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/lib">
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<include name="servlet*.jar"/>
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</fileset>
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<pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
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</path>
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<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
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<echo>Building...</echo>
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<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
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<javac destdir="${build.dir}" failonerror="true">
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<src path="${src.dir}"/>
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<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
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</javac>
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</target>
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<target name="war-archiving">
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<echo>Archiving...</echo>
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<war destfile="${name}.war" webxml="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
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<fileset dir="${war.dir}">
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<include name="**/*.*"/>
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</fileset>
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</war>
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</target>
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<target name="deploy" depends="build">
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<echo>Deploying...</echo>
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<copy todir="${deploy.path}">
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<fileset dir=".">
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<include name="*.war"/>
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</fileset>
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</copy>
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</target>
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</project> Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步
建立一个ant.properties文件,该文件会存放一些值的属性,并且这些值也会是ant.xml中用到的。请按如下步骤实现:
1)点文件—新建-文件
2) 将文件命名为ant.properties,并点完成,如下图:
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3)打开ant.properties,修改tomcat.home的目录为你安装tomcat的实际目录。
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tomcat.home=C:/Tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.2
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tomcat.lib=$...{tomcat.home}/lib
下载下面列表的.jar文件,并放到SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/lib下。
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commons-logging.jar
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jstl-api-1.2.jar
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jstl.jar
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org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
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standard.jar
按如下修改web.xml:
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<!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
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<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
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xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
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<display-name>SampleSpringMVC</display-name>
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>SampleSpringMVC</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
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<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>SampleSpringMVC</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
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<welcome-file-list>
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<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
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</welcome-file-list>
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</web-app>
创建index.jsp,这个只需要在war/WEB-INF下建立即可,并且将内容设置为如下:
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<%@ page language="java" session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
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<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Adobocode : Hello World</h2>
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<br/>
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<a href="<c:url value="personDisplay.htm"/>">Person List</a>
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</body>
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</html> Spring MVC3构建Web应用第三步
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF中建立文件SampleSpringMVC-servlet.xml,并将内容修改如下:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xsi:schemaLocation="
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
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<context:component-scan base-package="paul.sydney.controller"/>
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<context:component-scan base-package="paul.sydney.service"/>
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<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
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<property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>
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<property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>
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<property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
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</bean>
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</beans>
这里,我们利用了spring 3 mvc的新特性,自动扫描,通过context:component-scan base-package,设置了paul.syney.controller和paul.sydney.service两个包下的文件只要使用spring 3的标准注释都可以被扫描到。
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录jsp;
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录classes;
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personDisplay,并写入如下代码:
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<!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
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<%@ page language="java" session="false"
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contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
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<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
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<jsp:useBean id="personList" scope="request" type="java.util.List" />
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using JSTL iteration</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Adobocode : Person List</h2>
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<table border="1">
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<tr>
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<th>Id</th>
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<th>Name</th>
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<th>Age</th>
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<th>Address</th>
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</tr>
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<c:forEach var="p" items="${personList}">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<c:url var="editUrl" value="personForm.htm">
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<c:param name="personId" value="${p.id}" />
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</c:url>
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<a href='<c:out value="${editUrl}"/>'>$...{p.id}</a>
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</td>
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<td>$...{p.name}</td>
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<td>$...{p.age}</td>
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<td>$...{p.address}</td>
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</tr>
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</c:forEach>
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</table>
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</body>
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personForm,修改代码如下:
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<!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
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<%@ page language="java" session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
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<%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%>
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<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using Forms</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Adobocode : Person Form</h2>
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<form:form modelAttribute="person">
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<form:hidden path="id" />
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<fieldset>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td>Name</td>
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<td><form:input path="name" /></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Age</td>
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<td><form:input path="age" /></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Address</td>
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<td><form:input path="address" /></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td>
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<td>
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<input type="submit" id="save" name="_eventId_save" value="Save" />
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<input type="submit" onClick="history.go(-1);" name="_eventId_cancel" value="Cancel" />
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</fieldset>
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</form:form>
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</body>
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</html> Spring MVC3构建Web应用第四步
现在我们开始设计控制器,鼠标右击src目录,选择新建-包,如下图:
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并将包的名命名为paul.sydney.controller,在这个包中,新建立一个类,命名为PersonDisplay,将代码修改如下:
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package paul.sydney.controller;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
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import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
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/** *//**
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* PersonDisplay class, display controller for the 'personDisplay.jsp'
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* Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010
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* @author Paul Sydney Orozco | xtrycatchx@gmail.com
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*
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*/
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@Controller
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public class PersonDisplay ...{
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private final DummyService dummyService;
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@Autowired
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public PersonDisplay(DummyService dummyService) ...{
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this.dummyService = dummyService;
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}
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@RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")
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public ModelMap defaultHandler() ...{
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return new ModelMap("personList", this.dummyService.getDummyList());
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}
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}
这里,使用注解@Controller表示这个是一个控制器,而 @RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")则表示对于personDisplay.htm这样的请求,使用defaultHandler这个方法去处理。而在defaultHandler中,又调用了逻辑服务层的
dummyService.getDummyList()方法获得人员列表,最后把列表存放到一个ModelMap中去(可以先理解为Map的一种数据结构)。
同样地,在paul.sydney.controller包中,新建一个类PersonForm,并将代码修改如下:
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package paul.sydney.controller;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
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import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus;
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import paul.sydney.model.Person;
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import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/personForm.htm")
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@SessionAttributes("person")
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public class PersonForm ...{
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private final DummyService dummyService;
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@Autowired
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public PersonForm(DummyService dummyService) ...{
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this.dummyService = dummyService;
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}
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@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
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public String setupForm(@RequestParam("personId") int id, ModelMap model) ...{
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Person person = this.dummyService.retrievePerson(id);
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model.addAttribute("person", person);
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return "personForm";
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}
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@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
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public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute("person") Person person, BindingResult result, SessionStatus status) ...{
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this.dummyService.savePerson(person);
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status.setComplete();
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return "redirect:personDisplay.htm";
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}
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}
这里,首先通过依赖注入,注入了服务层逻辑dummyService,然后在setupForm中,根据传入的参数personId,通过服务层逻辑dummyService找出这个人,然后将其保存到一个Model中去,返回给视图层personForm.jsp显示;而processSubmit是调用服务层逻辑保存用户的资料(通过this.dummyService.savePerson(person)实现),最后使用redirect跳转到personDisplay.htm。
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第五步
构建业务实体模型。在src目录中,新建包命名为paul.sydney.model,在这个包下,再新建一个实体类,命名为Person,修改代码如下:
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package paul.sydney.model;
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/** *//**
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* Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010
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* @author Paul Sydney Orozco | xtrycatchx@gmail.com
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*/
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public class Person ...{
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private int id;
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private String name;
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private int age;
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private String address;
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public int getId() ...{
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return id;
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}
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public void setId(int id) ...{
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this.id = id;
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}
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public String getName() ...{
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return name;
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}
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public void setName(String name) ...{
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this.name = name;
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}
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public int getAge() ...{
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return age;
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}
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public void setAge(int age) ...{
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this.age = age;
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}
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public String getAddress() ...{
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return address;
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}
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public void setAddress(String address) ...{
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this.address = address;
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}
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@Override
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public String toString()...{
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StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
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sb.append("\nname : " + this.name);
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sb.append("\nage : " + this.age);
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sb.append("\naddress : " + this.address);
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return sb.toString();
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}
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}
构建业务逻辑层。同样在src目录下新建一个包,命名为paul.sydney.service,并且新建一个类DummyService,代码如下:
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paul.sydney.service;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import paul.sydney.model.Person;
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import java.util.List;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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/** *//**
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* Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010
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* @author Paul Sydney Orozco | xtrycatchx@gmail.com
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*/
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@Service
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public class DummyService ...{
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/** *//**
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* This method supposed to be returning a Collection of Person objects from a DAO layer
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* For this tutorial, let us just hard-code this List of Person objects
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*/
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public List<Person> getDummyList() ...{
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List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
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Person p1 = new Person();
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p1.setId(12345);
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p1.setName("Paul");
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p1.setAge(27);
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p1.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
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Person p2 = new Person();
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p2.setId(54321);
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p2.setName("Sydney");
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p2.setAge(25);
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p2.setAddress("Cebu City");
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list.add(p1);
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list.add(p2);
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return list;
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}
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/** *//**
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* This method supposed to be returning Person object from a DAO layer
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* For this tutorial, let us just hard-code the Person instance
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*/
45
public Person retrievePerson(int id) ...{
46
Person person = new Person();
47
person.setId(56789);
48
person.setName("Nikki");
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person.setAge(63);
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person.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
51
return person;
52
}
53
54
/** *//**
55
* This method supposed to be persisting the passed Person object
56
* For this tutorial, let us include the persisting DAO layer
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* and assume the method successful saved or updated the Person object
58
*/
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public void savePerson(Person person) ...{
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System.out.println("\n\nSaving" + person);
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}
62
}
在这里,只是简单的在一个List中存放了多个person对象而已。
最后,项目的结构如下图:
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接着,我们右击ant.xml,选择Run As->Ant Build,如下图:
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Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步
接着在编辑对话菜单中,记得选择build,war-archiving及deploy,如下图:
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最后点RUN,运行脚本,然后我们就可以在浏览器中运行了,如下图:
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点Person List,可以看到如下的人员列表:
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点其中的一个ID,可以进入如下页面:
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这里可以修改个人信息,并点保存,跳转到人员列表页面,并可以看到所做的更改。
总结:
Spring MVC3中大量使用了注解去简化了编程,本文只是做了一个初步入门的导学。