【IT168 技术文档】Oracle数据库中有多少类型的段,除了常见的TABLE、INDEX之外还有哪些?下面通过Oracle9i的数据字典来探讨Oracle的段类型。
SQL> select distinct segment_type from dba_segments;
SEGMENT_TYPE
------------------
CACHE
CLUSTER
INDEX
INDEX PARTITION
LOBINDEX
LOBSEGMENT
NESTED TABLE
ROLLBACK
TABLE
TABLE PARTITION
TYPE2 UNDO
然而在DBA_SEGMENTS视图中,不一定包含了所有的段类型,我们从DBA_SEGMENTS的定义中去寻找Oracle的段类型。
SQL> select text from dba_views where view_name=’DBA_SEGMENTS’;
TEXT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select owner, segment_name, partition_name, segment_type, tablespace_name,
header_file, header_block,
dbms_space_admin.segment_number_blocks(tablespace_id, relative_fno,
header_block, segment_type_id, buffer_pool_id, segment_flags,
segment_objd, blocks)*blocksize,
dbms_space_admin.segment_number_blocks(tablespace_id, relative_fno,
header_block, segment_type_id, buffer_pool_id, segment_flags,
segment_objd, blocks),
dbms_space_admin.segment_number_extents(tablespace_id, relative_fno,
header_block, segment_type_id, buffer_pool_id, segment_flags,
segment_objd, extents),
initial_extent, next_extent, min_extents, max_extents, pct_increase,
freelists, freelist_groups, relative_fno,
decode(buffer_pool_id, 0, ‘DEFAULT’, 1, ‘KEEP’, 2, ‘RECYCLE’, NULL)
from sys_dba_segs
SQL> select text from dba_views where view_name=’SYS_DBA_SEGS’;
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
select u.name, o.name, o.subname,
so.object_type, s.type#,
ts.ts#, ts.name, ts.blocksize,
f.file#, s.block#,
s.blocks * ts.blocksize, s.blocks, s.extents,
s.iniexts * ts.blocksize,
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),
s.extsize * ts.blocksize),
s.minexts, s.maxexts,
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),
s.extpct),
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.lists, 0, 1, s.lists)),
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.groups, 0, 1, s.groups)),
s.file#, s.cachehint, NVL(s.spare1,0), o.dataobj#
from sys.user$ u, sys.obj$ o, sys.ts$ ts, sys.sys_objects so, sys.seg$ s,
sys.file$ f
where s.file# = so.header_file
and s.block# = so.header_block
and s.ts# = so.ts_number
and s.ts# = ts.ts#
and o.obj# = so.object_id
and o.owner# = u.user#
and s.type# = so.segment_type_id
and o.type# = so.object_type_id
and s.ts# = f.ts#
and s.file# = f.relfile#
select u.name, un.name, NULL,
decode(s.type#, 1, ‘ROLLBACK’, 10, ‘TYPE2 UNDO’), s.type#,
ts.ts#, ts.name, ts.blocksize, f.file#, s.block#,
s.blocks * ts.blocksize, s.blocks, s.extents,
s.iniexts * ts.blocksize, s.extsize * ts.blocksize, s.minexts,
s.maxexts, s.extpct,
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.lists, 0, 1, s.lists)),
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.groups, 0, 1, s.groups)),
s.file#, s.cachehint, NVL(s.spare1,0), un.us#
from sys.user$ u, sys.ts$ ts, sys.undo$ un, sys.seg$ s, sys.file$ f
where s.file# = un.file#
and s.block# = un.block#
and s.ts# = un.ts#
and s.ts# = ts.ts#
and s.user# = u.user#
and s.type# in (1, 10)
and un.status$ != 1
and un.ts# = f.ts#
and un.file# = f.relfile#
union all
select u.name, to_char(f.file#) || ‘.’ || to_char(s.block#), NULL,
decode(s.type#, 2, ‘DEFERRED ROLLBACK’, 3, ‘TEMPORARY’,
4, ‘CACHE’, 9, ‘SPACE HEADER’, ‘UNDEFINED’), s.type#,
ts.ts#, ts.name, ts.blocksize,
f.file#, s.block#,
s.blocks * ts.blocksize, s.blocks, s.extents,
s.iniexts * ts.blocksize,
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),
s.extsize * ts.blocksize),
s.minexts, s.maxexts,
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 3), 1, to_number(NULL),
s.extpct),
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.lists, 0, 1, s.lists)),
decode(bitand(ts.flags, 32), 32, to_number(NULL),
decode(s.groups, 0, 1, s.groups)),
s.file#, s.cachehint, NVL(s.spare1,0), s.hwmincr
from sys.user$ u, sys.ts$ ts, sys.seg$ s, sys.file$ f
where s.ts# = ts.ts#
and s.user# = u.user#
and s.type# not in (1, 5, 6, 8, 10)
and s.ts# = f.ts#
and s.file# = f.relfile#
SQL> select text from dba_views where view_name=’SYS_OBJECTS’;
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select decode(bitand(t.property, 8192), 8192, ‘NESTED TABLE’, ‘TABLE’), 2, 5,
t.obj#, t.file#, t.block#, t.ts#
from sys.tab$ t
where bitand(t.property, 1024) = 0 /* exclude clustered tables */
union all
select ‘TABLE PARTITION’, 19, 5,
tp.obj#, tp.file#, tp.block#, tp.ts#
from sys.tabpart$ tp
union all
select ‘CLUSTER’, 3, 5,
c.obj#, c.file#, c.block#, c.ts#
from sys.clu$ c
union all
select decode(i.type#, 8, ‘LOBINDEX’, ‘INDEX’), 1, 6,
i.obj#, i.file#, i.block#, i.ts#
from sys.ind$ i
where i.type# in (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9)
union all
select ‘INDEX PARTITION’, 20, 6,
ip.obj#, ip.file#, ip.block#, ip.ts#
from sys.indpart$ ip
union all
select ‘LOBSEGMENT’, 21, 8,
l.lobj#, l.file#, l.block#, l.ts#
from sys.lob$ l
union all
select ‘TABLE SUBPARTITION’, 34, 5,
tsp.obj#, tsp.file#, tsp.block#, tsp.ts#
from sys.tabsubpart$ tsp
union all
select ‘INDEX SUBPARTITION’, 35, 6,
isp.obj#, isp.file#, isp.block#, isp.ts#
from sys.indsubpart$ isp
union all
select decode(lf.fragtype$, ‘P’, ‘LOB PARTITION’, ‘LOB SUBPARTITION’),
decode(lf.fragtype$, ‘P’, 40, 41), 8,
lf.fragobj#, lf.file#, lf.block#, lf.ts#
from sys.lobfrag$ lf
因此,从以上几个视图的定义中可以看到,Oracle9i中有如下的段类型:
NESTED TABLE
TABLE
TABLE PARTITION
CLUSTER
LOBINDEX
INDEX
INDEX PARTITION
LOBSEGMENT
TABLE SUBPARTITION
INDEX SUBPARTITION
LOB PARTITION
LOB SUBPARTITION
ROLLBACK
TYPE2 UNDO
DEFERRED ROLLBACK
TEMPORARY
CACHE
SPACE HEADER
UNDEFINED
下面我们将对每一种段类型进行一个简单的说明:
TABLE:这是最常见的段类型,普通表(即非CLUSTER),没有分区,则每个表有一个类型为TABLE的段。
INDEX:这是除了TABLE之外最常见的段类型,表的普通索引,没有分区,则每个索引有一个类型为INDEX的段。除了表上的普通索引之外,INDEX CLUSTER上的索引也是INDEX段,并且在INDEX CLUSTER上必须有一个索引(HASH CLUSTER不要求建索引)。注意IOT表的段类型为INDEX段,而不是TABLE段:
SQL> create table t2 ( object_id number primary key,object_name varchar2(100))
2 organization index;
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name,header_file,header_block from dba_segments where segment_name=’T2′;
未选定行
SQL> select index_name from user_indexes where table_name=’T2′;
INDEX_NAME
------------------------------
SYS_IOT_TOP_29668
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where segment_name=’SYS_IOT_TOP_29668′;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
SYS INDEX SYS_IOT_TOP_29668
注意IOT表的溢出段是TABLE类型的段:
SQL> create table iot
2 ( x int,
3 y date,
4 z varchar2(2000),
5 constraint iot_pk primary key (x)
6 )
7 organization index
8 pctthreshold 10
9 overflow;
表已创建。
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where owner=’TEST’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
TEST TABLE SYS_IOT_OVER_29670
TEST INDEX IOT_PK
TABLE PARTITION和TABLE SUBPARTITION:表分区,每个分区或子分区都有一个段。
INDEX PARTITION和INDEX SUBPARTITION:索引分区,每个分区或子分区都有一个段。
CLUSTER:每个CLUSTER有一个CLUSTER段。一个CLUSTER中可以存储一个或多个表。由于CLUSTER不能分区,所以没有CLUSTER PARTITION这样的段。
LOBINDEX:表的每个LOB字段,有一个LOBINDEX段。注意对于分区表的LOB字段,每个分区上的LOB字段均会有LOBINDEX段,但是段类型为INDEX PARTITION或INDEX SUBPARTITION,这是一个特殊情况(不知道ORACLE为什么这样,从视图定义上看sys.indpart$和sys.indsubpart$没有type#字段)。
LOBSEGMENT、LOB PARTITION、LOB SUBPARTITION:表中的每个LOB字段,有LOBSEGMENT字段,如果表进行了分区,则在每个分区上相应有LOB PARTITION和LOB SUBPARTITION:
SQL> create table t
2 ( id int primary key,
3 txt clob
4 )
5 /
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where owner=’TEST’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
TEST TABLE T
TEST LOBINDEX SYS_IL0000029682C00002$$
TEST INDEX SYS_C002632
TEST LOBSEGMENT SYS_LOB0000029682C00002$$
注意:虽然BFILE可以作为LOB类型进行处理,但存储没有LOBINDEX和LOBSEGMENT字段:
SQL> create table t
2 ( id int primary key,
3 thefile bfile
4 )
5 /
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where owner=’TEST’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
TEST TABLE T
TEST INDEX SYS_C002633
可以看到没有任何与BFILE相关的单独的段。
ROLLBACK:就是8i及以前的回滚段,在9i以及以后的版本中,即使使用了自动撤销段管理,仍然会有一个SYSTEM回滚段。
TYPE2 UNDO:这就是9i及以后的“撤销段”,跟ROLLBACK段类似。我们仍然习惯于叫回滚段。
DEFERRED ROLLBACK:延迟回滚段。如果一个表空间OFFLINE时,表空间上的对象存在活动事务,则会在SYSTEM表空间中创建延迟回滚段,以便在表空间ONLINE能够回滚:
SQL> insert into t select * from dba_objects where rownum<=10;
已创建10行。
SQL> alter tablespace tools offline;
表空间已更改。
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where segment_type like ‘%DEF%’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
SYS DEFERRED ROLLBACK 1.84337
TEMPORARY:临时段。除了磁盘排序产生临时段之外,临时表也会有临时段。另外,在CTAS过程中,如果SQL还没有最终完成,这个时候的表对应的段为TEMPORARY表,只有在SQL执行的最后将TEMPORARY段改为TABLE段。比如:
SQL> create table t2 as select * from dba_objects;
在执行上面语句的同时,执行:
SQL> select segment_type,owner,segment_name from dba_segments where segment_type=’TEMPORARY’;
SEGMENT_TYPE OWNER SEGMENT_NAME
------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------
TEMPORARY SYS 1.84337
可以看到临时段,在CTAS执行完之后,我们可以看到:
SQL> select segment_type,owner,segment_name from dba_segments where segment_type=’TEMPORARY’;
未选定行
SQL> select header_file,header_block from dba_segments where owner=USER and segment_name=’T2′;
HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
----------- ------------
1 84337
可以看到,之前的临时段(其段名为一个特别的名字1.84337,段头的文件号和块号),与CTAS后的表的段头一致。
另外在表和索引的MOVE、REBUILD阶段也会有临时段。所以临时段不一定是在临时表中,在普通的表空间中也可能会存在。
注意在排序段和临时表的段在并没有在DBA_SEGMENTS视图,而是在V$TEMPSEG_USAGE视图中。
CACHE:这是一个特殊的段,为Oracle的自举(bootstrap)段。
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name,header_file,header_block from dba_segments where segment_type=’CACHE’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
---------- --------------- --------------- ----------- ------------
SYS CACHE 1.833 1 833
我们通过DUMP数据文件头可以发现:
FILE HEADER:
Software vsn=153092096=0×9200000, Compatibility Vsn=134217728=0×8000000
Db ID=2968647772=0xb0f1f85c, Db Name=’XJ’
Activation ID=0=0×0
Control Seq=761=0×2f9, File size=128000=0×1f400
File Number=1, Blksiz=4096, File Type=3 DATA
Tablespace #0 - SYSTEM rel_fn:1
Creation at scn: 0×0000.00000009 05/12/2002 16:20:42
Backup taken at scn: 0×0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 thread:0
reset logs count:0×26ce9ece scn: 0×0000.000a65e0 recovered at 07/19/2008 21:23:10
status:0×4 root dba:0×00400341 chkpt cnt: 272 ctl cnt:271
root dba转换为文件号和块号则为1.833,正好是类型为CACHE的段头。Oracle通过文件号为1的文件头的root dba定位到自举对象,然后得到obj$等核心对象所在位置,来进行启动。
NESTED TABLE:嵌套表的段,以面举例子说明:
SQL> create or replace type emp_type
2 as object
3 (empno number(4),
4 ename varchar2(10),
5 job varchar2(9),
6 mgr number(4)
7 );
8 /
类型已创建。
SQL> create or replace type emp_tab_type
2 as table of emp_type;
3 /
类型已创建。
SQL> create table dept_and_em
2 (deptno number(2) primary key,
3 dname varchar2(14),
4 loc varchar2(13),
5 emps emp_tab_type,
6 emps2 emp_tab_type
7 )
8 nested table emps store as emps_nt
9 nested table emps2 store as emps_nt2;
表已创建。
SQL> select owner,segment_type,segment_name from dba_segments where owner=’TEST’;
OWNER SEGMENT_TYPE SEGMENT_NAME
---------- --------------- ----------------------------------------
TEST NESTED TABLE EMPS_NT
TEST NESTED TABLE EMPS_NT2
TEST TABLE DEPT_AND_EM
TEST INDEX SYS_C002629
TEST INDEX SYS_C002630
TEST INDEX SYS_C002631
这里看到有两个类型为NESTED TABLE的段。另外除了主键之外,每个NESTED TABLE字段上还有一个索引(实际上是每个NESTED TABLE字段对应一具隐含字段,上面建有索引)。