技术开发 频道

C#的6种常用集合类大比拼

  【IT168 专稿】

  1.先来说说数组的不足(也可以说集合与数组的区别):

  (1)数组是固定大小的,不能伸缩。虽然System.Array.Resize这个泛型方法可以重置数组大小,但是该方法是重新创建新设置大小的数组,用的是旧数组的元素初始化。随后以前的数组就废弃!而集合却是可变长的。

  (2)数组要声明元素的类型,集合类的元素类型却是object。

  (3)数组可读可写不能声明只读数组。集合类可以提供ReadOnly方法以只读方式使用集合。

  (4)数组要有整数下标才能访问特定的元素,然而很多时候这样的下标并不是很有用。集合也是数据列表却不使用下标访问。很多时候集合有定制的下标类型,对于队列和栈根本就不支持下标访问!

  2.下面讲述6种常用集合

  (1)ArrayList类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ArrayList al
= new ArrayList();
            al.Add(
100);//单个添加
            foreach (int number in new int[6] { 9, 3, 7, 2, 4, 8 })
            {
                al.Add(number);
//集体添加方法一//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
            }
            
int[] number2 = new int[2] ...{ 11,12 };
            al.AddRange(number2);
//集体添加方法二
            al.Remove(3);//移除值为3的
            al.RemoveAt(3);//移除第3个
            ArrayList al2 = new ArrayList(al.GetRange(1, 3));//新ArrayList只取旧ArrayList一部份
            Console.WriteLine("遍历方法一:");
            
foreach (int i in al)//不要强制转换
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
//遍历方法一
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
"遍历方法二:");
            
for (int i = 0; i != al2.Count; i++)//数组是length
            {
                
int number = (int)al2;//一定要强制转换
                Console.WriteLine(number);//遍历方法二
            }
        }
    }
}

  (2)Stack类

  栈,后进先出。push方法入栈,pop方法出栈。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Stack sk
= new Stack();
            Stack sk2
= new Stack();
            
foreach (int i in new int[4] ...{ 1, 2, 3, 4 })
            {
                sk.Push(i);
//填充
                sk2.Push(i);
            }            
            
foreach (int i in sk)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
//遍历
            }
            sk.Pop();
            Console.WriteLine(
"Pop");
            
foreach (int i in sk)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
            
            sk2.Peek();
//弹出最后一项不删除//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
            Console.WriteLine("Peek");
            
foreach (int i in sk2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }

            
while (sk2.Count != 0)
            {
                
int i = (int)sk2.Pop();//清空
                sk2.Pop();//清空
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
"清空");
            
foreach (int i in sk2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

   (3)Queue类

  队列,先进先出。enqueue方法入队列,dequeue方法出队列。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Queue qu
= new Queue();
            Queue qu2
= new Queue();
            
foreach (int i in new int[4] ...{ 1, 2, 3, 4 })
            {
                qu.Enqueue(i);
//填充
                qu2.Enqueue(i);
            }            
            
foreach (int i in qu)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
//遍历
            }
            qu.Dequeue();
            Console.WriteLine(
"Dequeue");
            
foreach (int i in qu)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }            
            qu2.Peek();
//弹出最后一项不删除
            Console.WriteLine("Peek");
            
foreach (int i in qu2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
            
while (qu2.Count != 0)
            {
                
int i = (int)qu2.Dequeue();//清空
                qu2.Dequeue();//清空
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
"清空");
            
foreach (int i in qu2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
        }
    }
}

  (4)Hashtable类

  哈希表,名-值对。类似于字典(比数组更强大)。哈希表是经过优化的,访问下标的对象先散列过。如果以任意类型键值访问其中元素会快于其他集合。GetHashCode()方法返回一个int型数据,使用这个键的值生成该int型数据。哈希表获取这个值最后返回一个索引,表示带有给定散列的数据项在字典中存储的位置。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
public static void Main()
        {

            
// Creates and initializes a new Hashtable.
            Hashtable myHT = new Hashtable();
            myHT.Add(
"one", "The");
            myHT.Add(
"two", "quick");
            myHT.Add(
"three", "brown");
            myHT.Add(
"four", "fox");

            
// Displays the Hashtable.//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
            Console.WriteLine("The Hashtable contains the following:");
            PrintKeysAndValues(myHT);
        }
        
public static void PrintKeysAndValues(Hashtable myHT)
        {
            
foreach (string s in myHT.Keys)
                Console.WriteLine(s);

            Console.WriteLine(
" -KEY- -VALUE-");
            
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in myHT)
                Console.WriteLine(
" {0}: {1}", de.Key, de.Value);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
}

  (5)SortedList类

  与哈希表类似,区别在于SortedList中的Key数组排好序的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
public static void Main()
        {
            SortedList sl
= new SortedList();
            sl[
"c"] = 41;
            sl[
"a"] = 42;
            sl[
"d"] = 11;
            sl[
"b"] = 13;
            
foreach (DictionaryEntry element in sl)
            {
                
string s = (string)element.Key;
                
int i = (int)element.Value;
                Console.WriteLine(
"{0},{1}",s,i);
            }
        }
    }
}

   (6)NameValueCollection类

  官方给NameValueCollection定义为特殊集合一类,在System.Collections.Specialized下。

  System.Collections.Specialized下还有HybridDicionary类,建议少于10个元素用HybridDicionary,当元素增加会自动转为HashTable。

  System.Collections.Specialized下还有HybridDicionary类,字符串集合。

  System.Collections.Specialized下还有其他类大家可以各取所需!

  言归正转主要说NameValueCollection,HashTable 和 NameValueCollection很类似但是他们还是有区别的,HashTable 的KEY是唯一性,而NameValueCollection则不唯一!

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    
class Program
    {
        
static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Collections.Hashtable ht
= new System.Collections.Hashtable();
            ht.Add(
"DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());
            ht.Add(
"DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());
            ht.Add(
"DdpMNameEng".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());
            ht.Add(
"Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());
            ht.Add(
"DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());
            
foreach (object key in ht.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(
"{0}/{1}    {2},{3}", key, ht[key], key.GetHashCode(), ht[key].GetHashCode());
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
" ");//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
            NameValueCollection myCol = new NameValueCollection();
            myCol.Add(
"DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());
            myCol.Add(
"DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());
            myCol.Add(
"DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());
            myCol.Add(
"Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());
            myCol.Add(
"DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());
            
foreach (string key in myCol.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(
"{0}/{1} {2},{3}", key, myCol[key], key.GetHashCode(), myCol[key].GetHashCode());
            }

        }

    }
}
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