【IT168技术文档】上班的时候，经常听旁边的一个专门做图形库的小组提起 DirectFB, 据说今后的几年，DirectFB 将取代现有图形库，并且采用DirectFB + GTK形式，支持现有的很多基于GTK开源软件。在国内的一些论坛上，比如MiniGUI.org上，也看到过他们在做 MiniGUI + DirectFB 的文章，虽然现在不知道做到什么程度了，但是可以看出，DirectFB 还是有它的优势的。
最近周末正好有时间，所以也想玩玩。大概的计划是: PC机上测试 -> ARM开发板上测试 -> ARM开发板gfxdriver开发。
1. DirectFB 相关网站
DirectFB官方主页 资料下载/文档
DirectFB Wiki Page 很多DirectFB的文档都可以在这里找到
2. 开发环境
Linux: CentOS 5.1 (Kernel 2.6.18-53.el5xen)
GCC: 4.1.2
3. 下载 DirectFB 源代码
DirectFB 提供3种形式的下载方式： git, cvs 和压缩包。我一般使用 git, 代码比较方便。
# git clone git://git.directfb.org/git/directfb/core/DirectFB.git
另外，出了DirectFB库之外，如果要支持 multi application core, 还需要 fusion 内核驱动模块;为了测试 DirectFB, 可以下载现有的测试程序：
Fusion: linux-fusion-8.0.3.tar.gz
Example: DirectFB-examples-1.2.0.tar.gz
4. 编译和安装 fusion
# cd ~/DirectFB
# tar zxf linux-fusion-8.0.3.tar.gz
# cd linux-fusion-8.0.3
# make
# sudo make install
创建 fusion 设备文件:
# sudo mkdir /dev/fusion
# sudo mknod /dev/fusion/0 c 250 0
# sudo mknod /dev/fusion/1 c 250 1
# sudo mknod /dev/fusion/2 c 250 2
注意：要编译 fusion 模块， 需要安装内核源码。fusion 模块默认安装到 /lib/modules/`uname -r`/ 下。
最新的源程序可以用 git 下载:
# git clone git://git.directfb.org/git/directfb/core/linux-fusion.git
使用这个版本的fusion 的话， 编译 DirectFB 的时候不会提示 ../../../lib/fusion/types.h:42:2: error: #error Major version of Fusion Kernel Module too low! Upgrade your kernel. 的错误。
5. 编译 DirectFB 库
# cd ~/DirectFB/DirectFB
# ./autogen.sh \
--prefix=/usr/local \
--disable-osx \
--enable-x11 \
--disable-fbdev \
--disable-sdl \
--disable-vnc \
--with-gfxdrivers=none \
--with-inputdrivers=linuxinput \
--enable-multi \
--enable-debug
# make
# sudo make install
* 我一般将这些命令写到一个shell脚本里面。如(build-for-pc.sh)
6. 编译错误处理
编译 DirectFB 的时候，提示一下错误：
# make
../../../lib/fusion/types.h:42:2: error: #error Major version of Fusion Kernel Module too low! Upgrade your kernel.
这是因为：
--- /usr/include/linux/fusion.h 文件---
#define FUSION_API_MAJOR 8 /* Increased if backward compatibility is dropped. */
#define FUSION_API_MINOR 0 /* Increased if new features are added. */
#define FUSION_API_MICRO 3 /* Micro release. Bugfixes. */
--- DirectFB/lib/fusion/types.h ---
#define FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED 8
#define FUSION_API_MINOR_REQUIRED 0
#if FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED > FUSION_API_MAJOR_PROVIDED
#error Major version of Fusion Kernel Module too low! Upgrade your kernel.
#else
...
#endif
可以看出， FUSION_API_MAJOR_PROVIDED 没有在 /usr/include/linux/fusion.h 定义，所以 只需要将 DirectFB/lib/fusion/types.h 中 FUSION_API_MAJOR_PROVIDED 的改成 FUSION_API_MAJOR 即可。修改完之后是:
# git diff lib/fusion/types.h
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/lib/fusion/types.h b/lib/fusion/types.h
index 1b862a4..3776e93 100644
--- a/lib/fusion/types.h
+++ b/lib/fusion/types.h
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
#define FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED 8
#define FUSION_API_MINOR_REQUIRED 0
-#if FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED > FUSION_API_MAJOR_PROVIDED
+#if FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED > FUSION_API_MAJOR
#error Major version of Fusion Kernel Module too low! Upgrade your kernel.
#else
-#if FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED == FUSION_API_MAJOR_PROVIDED
-#if FUSION_API_MINOR_REQUIRED > FUSION_API_MINOR_PROVIDED
+#if FUSION_API_MAJOR_REQUIRED == FUSION_API_MAJOR
+#if FUSION_API_MINOR_REQUIRED > FUSION_API_MINOR
#error Minor version of Fusion Kernel Module too low! Upgrade your kernel.
#endif
#endif
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
再编译，OK。DirectFB 将被安装到 prefix 指定的地方(/usr/local/lib/)。
7. 添加 /usr/local/lib/ 路径
为了是使用DirectFB，需要将DirectFB库所在的路径添加到 系统搜索路径。否则:
1) pkg-config 找不到 DirectFB
2) ld 命令也找不到 DirectFB 库
所以:
# sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/qt-i386.conf
添加一行： /usr/local/lib
# sudo ldconfig
8. 编译和安装示例程序
# tar zxf DirectFB-examples-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd DirectFB-examples-1.2.0
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local \
--enable-debug
# make
# sudo make install
示例程序如 df_andi 将被安装到 /usr/local/bin
9. 运行示例程序
# sudo depmod -a
# sudo modprobe fusion # 安装 fusion 内核模块
# cd /usr/local/bin
# sudo ./df_andi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| DirectFB 1.3.0 |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(c) 2001-2008 The world wide DirectFB Open Source Community
(c) 2000-2004 Convergence (integrated media) GmbH
----------------------------------------------------------------
(*) DirectFB/Core: Multi Application Core. (2009-03-15 08:52) [ DEBUG ]
(*) Fusion/SHM: NOT using MADV_REMOVE (2.6.18.0 < 2.6.19.2)! [0x02061200]
(*) Direct/Thread: Started 'Fusion Dispatch' (-1) [MESSAGING OTHER/OTHER 0/0] <10485760>...
(*) Direct/Thread: Started 'Linux Input' (-1) [INPUT OTHER/OTHER 0/0] <10485760>...
(*) DirectFB/Input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard (1) 0.1 (directfb.org)
(*) Direct/Thread: Started 'Linux Input' (-1) [INPUT OTHER/OTHER 0/0] <10485760>...
(*) DirectFB/Input: HID 413c:3010 (2) 0.1 (directfb.org)
(*) Direct/Thread: Started 'Linux Input' (-1) [INPUT OTHER/OTHER 0/0] <10485760>...
(*) DirectFB/Input: PC Speaker (3) 0.1 (directfb.org)
(*) Direct/Thread: Started 'X11 Input' (-1) [INPUT OTHER/OTHER 0/0] <10485760>...
(*) DirectFB/Input: X11 Input 0.1 (directfb.org)
(*) DirectFB/Genefx: MMX detected and enabled
(*) DirectFB/Graphics: MMX Software Rasterizer 0.6 (directfb.org)
(*) DirectFB/Core/WM: Default 0.3 (directfb.org)
(*) X11/Window: Creating 1280x1024 RGB32 window...
(*) X11/Display: Using XShm.
(*) X11/Window: Creating 1280x1024 RGB32 window...
(*) X11/Display: Using XShm.
(*) Direct/Interface: Loaded 'FT2' implementation of 'IDirectFBFont'.
(*) Direct/Interface: Loaded 'PNG' implementation of 'IDirectFBImageProvider'.
(*) Direct/Interface: Loaded 'JPEG' implementation of 'IDirectFBImageProvider'.
hoho，无数的企鹅出现了~~~~~~~~~~~
10. 总结
1)DirectFB 支持非Framebuffer模式，不使用 Framebuffer 也可以使用 DirectFB.
2) 一定要记得添加 /usr/local/bin 到 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ 里。一开始忘了，出现了一下错误：
错误A：编译示例程序的时候
......
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking for DIRECTFB... no
configure: error: Requested 'directfb >= 1.2.0' but version of DirectFB is 1.0.1
*** DirectFB 1.2.0 or newer is required. The latest version
*** of DirectFB is available from http://www.directfb.org/.
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
关于 pkg-config 命令是如何工作的，参考 pkg-config工具.
错误B: 运行的时候
# sudo ./df_andi
./df_andi: error while loading shared libraries: libdirectfb-1.3.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# ldd df_andi
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x0075e000)
libdirectfb-1.3.so.0 => not found
libfusion-1.3.so.0 => not found
libdirect-1.3.so.0 => not found
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libpthread.so.0 (0x0036d000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc.so.6 (0x001f9000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x001d7000)
#! /bin/sh
#
# Build DirectFB library for PC
#
# ChangeLog:
# V0.1 2009/03/15 Zeng Xianwei (xianweizeng@gmail.com)
#
prefix=/usr/local
def_options="--prefix=${prefix}"
fatal(){
echo "Error: $@"
exit 1
}
build_and_install(){
./autogen.sh \
${def_options} \
--disable-osx \
--enable-x11 \
--disable-fbdev \
--disable-sdl \
--disable-vnc \
--with-gfxdrivers=none \
--with-inputdrivers=linuxinput \
--enable-multi \
--enable-debug
make || fatal "make failed"
sudo make install || fatal "make install failed"
}
build_and_install
exit 0
