【IT168技术文档】
一.语法
explain < table_name >
例如: explain select * from t3 where id=3952602;
二.explain输出解释
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1.id
我的理解是SQL执行的顺利的标识,SQL从大到小的执行.
例如:
mysql> explain select * from (select * from ( select * from t3 where id=3952602) a) b;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | PRIMARY |
| 2 | DERIVED |
| 3 | DERIVED | t3 | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | | 1 | |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
很显然这条SQL是从里向外的执行,就是从id=3 向上执行.
2. select_type
就是select类型,可以有以下几种
(1) SIMPLE
简单SELECT(不使用UNION或子查询等) 例如:
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t3 | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
(2). PRIMARY
我的理解是最外层的select.例如:
mysql> explain select * from (select * from t3 where id=3952602) a ;
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | PRIMARY |
| 2 | DERIVED | t3 | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | | 1 | |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
(3).UNION
UNION中的第二个或后面的SELECT语句.例如
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id=3952602 union all select * from t3 ;
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | t3 | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
| 2 | UNION | t3 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000 | |
|NULL | UNION RESULT | | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | |
+----+--------------+------------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
(4).DEPENDENT UNION
UNION中的第二个或后面的SELECT语句，取决于外面的查询
mysql> explain select * from t3 where id in (select id from t3 where id=3952602 union all select id from t3) ;
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | t3 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1000 | Using where |
| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | t3 | const | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | Using index |
| 3 | DEPENDENT UNION | t3 | eq_ref | PRIMARY,idx_t3_id | PRIMARY | 4 | func | 1 | Using where; Using index |
|NULL | UNION RESULT | | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | |
+----+--------------------+------------+--------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
