【IT168 技术文档】
每个应用程序都要使用数据，Android应用程序也不例外，Android使用开源的、与操作系统无关的SQL数据库--SQLite，本文介绍的就是如何为你的Android应用程序创建和操作SQLite数据库。
数据库支持每个应用程序无论大小的生命线，除非你的应用程序只处理简单的数据，那么就需要一个数据库系统存储你的结构化数据，Android使用SQLite数据库，它是一个开源的、支持多操作系统的SQL数据库，在许多领域广泛使用，如Mozilla FireFox就是使用SQLite来存储配置数据的，iPhone也是使用SQLite来存储数据的。
在Android中，你为某个应用程序创建的数据库，只有它可以访问，其它应用程序是不能访问的，数据库位于Android设备/data/data/
SQLite数据库
使用Eclipse创建一个Android项目，取名为Database，如图1所示：
图1 数据库-使用Eclipse创建你的Android新项目
创建DBAdapter辅助类
操作数据库的非常好的实践是创建一个辅助类，由它封装所有对数据库的复杂访问，对于调用代码而言它是透明的，因此我创建了一个DBAdapter的辅助类，由它创建、打开、关闭和使用SQLite数据库。
首先，在src/
在DBAdapter.java文件中，导入所有你要使用到的命名空间：
package net.learn2develop.Databases;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
}
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
}
接下来创建一个数据库，取名为bookstitles，字段如图2所示。
图2 数据库字段
在DBAdapter.java文件中，定义清单1中的常量。
清单1 定义DBAdapter.java文件中的常量
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
}
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
}
DATABASE_CREATE常量包括创建titles表的SQL语句。
在DBAdapter类中，你可以扩展SQLiteOpenHelper类，它是一个Android辅助类，主要用于数据库创建和版本管理。实际上，你可以覆盖onCreate()和onUpgrade()方法，如清单2所示。
清单2 在DBAdapter类中，扩展SQLiteOpenHelper类覆盖onCreate() 和 onUpgrade()方法
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
}
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
}
onCreate()方法创建一个新的数据库，onUpgrade()方法用于升级数据库，这可以通过检查DATABASE_VERSION常量定义的值来实现，对于onUpgrade()方法而言，只不过是简单地删除表，然后在创建表而已。
现在你可以定义不同的方法来打开和关闭数据库，如清单3中的添加/编辑/删除/行的函数。
清单3 定义打开和关闭数据库以及增加/编辑/删除表中行的方法
public class DBAdapter
{
//...
//...
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定的标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定的标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}
{
//...
//...
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定的标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定的标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}
注意Android使用Cursor类返回一个需要的值，Cursor作为一个指针从数据库查询返回结果集，使用Cursor允许Android更有效地管理它们需要的行和列，你使用ContentValues对象存储键/值对，它的put()方法允许你插入不同数据类型的键值。
清单4显示了完整的DBAdapter.java源代码。
清单4 DBAdapter.java完整源代码
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库中插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID +
"=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
private final Context context;
private DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
public DBAdapter(Context ctx)
{
this.context = ctx;
DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion,
int newVersion)
{
Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion
+ " to "
+ newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS titles");
onCreate(db);
}
}
//---打开数据库---
public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
{
db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}
//---关闭数据库---
public void close()
{
DBHelper.close();
}
//---向数据库中插入一个标题---
public long insertTitle(String isbn, String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
initialValues.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
initialValues.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
initialValues.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
}
//---删除一个指定标题---
public boolean deleteTitle(long rowId)
{
return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID +
"=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
//---检索所有标题---
public Cursor getAllTitles()
{
return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER},
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
}
//---检索一个指定标题---
public Cursor getTitle(long rowId) throws SQLException
{
Cursor mCursor =
db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[] {
KEY_ROWID,
KEY_ISBN,
KEY_TITLE,
KEY_PUBLISHER
},
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null);
if (mCursor != null) {
mCursor.moveToFirst();
}
return mCursor;
}
//---更新一个标题---
public boolean updateTitle(long rowId, String isbn,
String title, String publisher)
{
ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
args.put(KEY_ISBN, isbn);
args.put(KEY_TITLE, title);
args.put(KEY_PUBLISHER, publisher);
return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args,
KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null) > 0;
}
}
使用数据库
现在你已经可以利用创建的辅助类来使用数据库了，在DatabaseActivity.java文件中，创建一个DBAdapter类的实例：
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
}
}
增加一个标题
如果想在titles表中增加一个标题，可以使用DBAdapter类的insertTitle()方法：
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---add 2 titles---
db.open();
long id;
id = db.insertTitle(
"0470285818",
"C# 2008 Programmer's Reference",
"Wrox");
id = db.insertTitle(
"047017661X",
"Professional Windows Vista Gadgets Programming",
"Wrox");
db.close();
}
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---add 2 titles---
db.open();
long id;
id = db.insertTitle(
"0470285818",
"C# 2008 Programmer's Reference",
"Wrox");
id = db.insertTitle(
"047017661X",
"Professional Windows Vista Gadgets Programming",
"Wrox");
db.close();
}
insertTitle()方法返回插入行的ID，如果在添加过程中遇到错误，它就返回-1。
如果你分析Android设备/模拟器的文件系统，你可以看到book数据库创建在database文件夹下，如图3所示。
图3 database文件夹
检索所有标题
想要检索titles表中的所有标题，可以使用DBAdapter类的getAllTitles()方法，如清单5所示。
清单5 使用DBAdapter类的getAllTitles()方法检索titles表中的所有标题
package net.learn2develop.Database;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---获取所有标题---
db.open();
Cursor c = db.getAllTitles();
if (c.moveToFirst())
{
do {
DisplayTitle(c);
} while (c.moveToNext());
}
db.close();
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---获取所有标题---
db.open();
Cursor c = db.getAllTitles();
if (c.moveToFirst())
{
do {
DisplayTitle(c);
} while (c.moveToNext());
}
db.close();
}
}
返回的结果是一个Cursor对象，如果要显示所有标题，你首先应该调用Cursor对象的moveToFirst()方法，如果它成功(意味着至少有一行有效)，使用DisplayTitle()方法显示详细的标题，要移动到下一个标题，可以调用Cursor对象的moveToNext()方法，下面是DisplayTitle()方法的定义：
public void DisplayTitle(Cursor c)
{
Toast.makeText(this,
"id: " + c.getString(0) + "\n" +
"ISBN: " + c.getString(1) + "\n" +
"TITLE: " + c.getString(2) + "\n" +
"PUBLISHER: " + c.getString(3),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
{
Toast.makeText(this,
"id: " + c.getString(0) + "\n" +
"ISBN: " + c.getString(1) + "\n" +
"TITLE: " + c.getString(2) + "\n" +
"PUBLISHER: " + c.getString(3),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
图4显示Toast类，它从数据库中检索并显示一个标题。
图4 Toast类
检索单个标题
想要通过ID检索单个标题，可以使用DBAdapter类的getTitle()方法：
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---get a title---
db.open();
Cursor c = db.getTitle(2);
if (c.moveToFirst())
DisplayTitle(c);
else
Toast.makeText(this, "No title found",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
db.close();
}
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---get a title---
db.open();
Cursor c = db.getTitle(2);
if (c.moveToFirst())
DisplayTitle(c);
else
Toast.makeText(this, "No title found",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
db.close();
}
返回的结果是一个Cursor对象，如果返回一行，可以使用DisplayTitle()方法显示标题的详细信息，否则就使用Toast类显示一个错误消息。
更新一个标题
要更新一个特定的标题，可以调用DBAdapter的updateTitle()方法，传递想要更新的标题的ID给它就可以了，如清单6所示。
清单6 调用DBAdapter类的updateTitle()方法更新标题
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---更新标题---
db.open();
if (db.updateTitle(1,
"0470285818",
"C# 2008 Programmer's Reference",
"Wrox Press"))
Toast.makeText(this, "Update successful.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(this, "Update failed.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//-------------------
//---检索相同的标题---
Cursor c = db.getTitle(1);
if (c.moveToFirst())
DisplayTitle(c);
else
Toast.makeText(this, "No title found",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//-------------------
db.close();
}
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---更新标题---
db.open();
if (db.updateTitle(1,
"0470285818",
"C# 2008 Programmer's Reference",
"Wrox Press"))
Toast.makeText(this, "Update successful.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(this, "Update failed.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//-------------------
//---检索相同的标题---
Cursor c = db.getTitle(1);
if (c.moveToFirst())
DisplayTitle(c);
else
Toast.makeText(this, "No title found",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//-------------------
db.close();
}
如果更新成功会显示一条表示成功的消息，同时，你可以检索刚刚更新的标题看更新结果是否正确。
删除一个标题
想要删除一个标题，可以调用DBAdapter类的deleteTitle()方法，传递你想要删除的标题的ID即可：
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---delete a title---
db.open();
if (db.deleteTitle(1))
Toast.makeText(this, "Delete successful.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(this, "Delete failed.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
db.close();
}
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
//---delete a title---
db.open();
if (db.deleteTitle(1))
Toast.makeText(this, "Delete successful.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(this, "Delete failed.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
db.close();
}
如果删除成功会显示一条表示成功的消息。
升级数据库
要升级数据库，修改DBAdapter类中DATABASE_VERSION常量的值比之前的值大，如之前的值是1，将其改为2：
public class DBAdapter
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
//---change this to a higher value---
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
{
public static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
public static final String KEY_ISBN = "isbn";
public static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
public static final String KEY_PUBLISHER = "publisher";
private static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "books";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "titles";
//---change this to a higher value---
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE =
"create table titles (_id integer primary key autoincrement, "
+ "isbn text not null, title text not null, "
+ "publisher text not null);";
当你再次运行这个应用程序时，你会在Eclipse的LogCat窗口中看到数据库已经升级的消息，如图5所示。
图5 LogCat窗口-消息显示数据库升级成功
简化数据库访问
使用DBAdapter类，可以简化你的Android应用程序访问数据库记录的操作，一个重要的事情是在Android中创建的SQLite数据库只有创建它的应用程序可以访问它。如果你要共享数据，你需要使用一个内容提供器，这个将在以后的文章中再介绍了。
