【IT168 技术文档】目前,面向对象是软件系统建模的主流技术,使用面向对象技术建模的主要指标之一是可复用性。为了更好地解决软件复用性和扩展性问题,设计模式得到了越来越多的关注与应用。
结合command设计模式和Java语言的反射技术,本文设计实现了一个可复用的事件处理框架。
在面向对象的系统设计中,有些方面的可复用性经常被忽略了,用户界面(User Interface, 下文简称UI)及其事件处理就是其中之一。一个完整的UI设计应该包括两部分:UI及其相应的事件处理机制,没有事件处理机制的UI是没有用的,对于事件处理,也应该考虑可复用设计。虽然看上去有些奇怪,但是这种设计是有实用价值的——提高了代码的可复用性、健壮性和可维护性。
command设计模式的主要设计思想是把对某一对象的请求封装为一个对象,从而把发出命令的责任和执行任务的责任分开,委派给不同的对象,请求的一方不必知道接收请求一方的接口。
这种引入第三方类的做法是设计模式所惯用的,引入的第三方类解耦了紧耦合对象。command设计模式中,第三方类解耦了调用操作的对象与知道如何实现该操作的对象,提高了软件的可复用性。
JDK 1.1及其以后的版本,引入了反射(reflection)技术。反射是Java中非常突出的动态特征,利用它可以加载一个运行时才得知名字的class,获取其完整结构,这一切是通过反射API完成的。
//UIDemo1 import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class UIDemo1 implements ActionListener { private JFrame frame; private JButton button; private JTextArea area; private int index = -1; private String [] params; private UIDemo1(String args[]) { params = args; area = new JTextArea(5,25); button = new JButton("Click here!"); button.addActionListener(this); frame = new JFrame (getClass().getName()); frame.addWindowListener (new ReusableWindowAdapter()); Container cont = frame.getContentPane(); JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area); cont.add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.NORTH); cont.add(button,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { //provide equality check to see if source was the //button defined above.. useful only if we register //this ActionListener with multiple sources if(ae.getSource().equals(button)) { index = ++index % params.length; area.setText(params[index]); } } public static void main(String args[]) { if(args.length > 1) { UIDemo1 one = new UIDemo1(args); }else { usage(); } } private static void usage() { System.err.println ("You may excute this program as below:"); System.err.println ("java UIDemo1 params1 params2 ..."); System.exit(-1); } } //UIDemo2 import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class UIDemo2 { private JFrame frame; private JButton button; private JTextArea area; private int index = -1; private String [] params; private UIDemo2(String args[]) { params = args; area = new JTextArea(5,25); button = new JButton("Click Here!"); button.addActionListener (new SemiReusableActionListener(this)); frame = new JFrame(getClass().getName()); frame.addWindowListener (new ReusableWindowAdapter()); Container cont = frame.getContentPane(); JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area); cont.add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.NORTH); cont.add(button,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } void setMessage(Object source) { if(source.equals(button)) { index = ++index % params.length; area.setText(params[index]); } } public static void main(String args[]) { if(args.length > 1) { UIDemo2 two = new UIDemo2(args); }else{ usage(); } } private static void usage(){ System.err.println ("You may excute this program as below:"); System.err.println ("java UIDemo2 params1 params2 ..."); System.exit(-1); } } //SemiReusableActionListener import java.awt.event.*; public class SemiReusableActionListener implements ActionListener { private UIDemo2 demo2; SemiReusableActionListener (UIDemo2 uiDemo) { demo2 = uiDemo; } public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent ae) { demo2.setMessage (ae.getSource()); } } //UIDemo3 import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.lang.reflect.*; public class UIDemo3 { private JFrame frame; private JButton button1; private JTextArea area; private int index = -1; private String [] params; private UIDemo3(String args[]) { params = args; area = new JTextArea(5,25); button1 = new JButton ("Click here!"); //setup required information to use GenericActionListener String methodName = "setMessage"; Class [] paramTypes = {java.lang.Object.class}; Object [] methodArgs = { button1 }; Class clazz = this.getClass(); try{ Method method = clazz.getMethod(methodName, paramTypes); button1.addActionListener(new ReusableActionListener (method, this, methodArgs)); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Could not find the method: "+methodName+"\nNow Exiting..."); System.exit(-1); } frame = new JFrame (getClass().getName()); frame.addWindowListener (new ReusableWindowAdapter()); Container cont = frame.getContentPane(); JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(area); cont.add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.NORTH); cont.add(button1,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } public void setMessage(Object source) { if(source.equals(button1)) { index = ++index % params.length; area.setText(params[index]); } } public static void main(String args[]) { if(args.length > 1){ UIDemo3 three = new UIDemo3(args); }else{ usage(); } } private static void usage() { System.err.println ("You may excute this program as below:"); System.err.println ("java UIDemo3 params1 params2 ..."); System.exit(-1); } } //ReusableWindowAdapter import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class ReusableWindowAdapter extends WindowAdapter{ public void windowClosing (WindowEvent we){ Object source = we.getSource(); if(source instanceof Frame) { ((Frame)source).setVisible(false); ((Frame)source).dispose(); System.exit(0); } } }