【IT168技术文档】

    首先说些废话。

    基于Java开发的Web的应用系统的打印问题一直困扰着我。原因是基于Web的应用是瘦客户端应用，逻辑集中在服务器上，而打印是基于客户端的行为。

    目前基于Web的精确打印解决方案主要有两类：一是加强客户端的逻辑；二是在服务器端产生适于精确打印的文件。
流行的打印工具中用Applet实现、用浏览器插件实现或是开发嵌入浏览器的客户端的方法属于第一类；而在服务器端产生图片文件、pdf或ps等

    精确打印文件的方法属于第二类。

    以上流行的解决方案的比较：

    pdf文件是流行的文件格式，浏览器和pdf阅读器已成为客户端必备的安装内容。对于通用的打印解决方案我认为pdf文件的方式具有更大的灵活性和可用性。

    废话到此为止，下面就给出一个servlet通过模板生成pdf文件的实现：

    我选择的是报表工具是jfreereport，当然若简单的文本可以使用iText直接产生。

    1. jfreereport与was5.0.x的集成

    was5.0.x依据j2ee 1.3规范，jaxp/dom/sax的版本分别为1.1/2/2，与jfreereport依赖的gunjaxp.jar中的一致，其他的包也不存在冲突。因此可以将这些

   包直接加到Web项目的包目录/WEB-INF/lib中。jfreereport的包很多，与读取模板、生成报表和生成pdf文件相关的有：
    gnujaxp.jar
    itext-1.2.2.jar
    iTextAsian.jar
    jcommon-0.9.7.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-core.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-misc-configstore-base.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-pageable-base.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-pageable-pdf.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-support-itext.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-support-pagelayout.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-parser-base.jar
    jfreereport-0.8.4_11-parser-ext.jar
    pixie-0.8.1.jar

j    freereport中自带的itext-1.02b.jar版本低，可以替换为新版本，iTextAsian.jar是生成中文所必须的。


    2. 编码和汉字问题

    由于我的环境是英文系统(Win2k en version + sp4)加装中文支持，为了在开发环境中支持中文必须使用UTF-8编码。因此需要对jfreereport中的一些参数进行配置。
需要将org\jfree\report\modules\output\support\itext\configuration.properties文件中的org.jfree.report.modules.output.support.itext.Encoding参数设为GBK (或GB18030，请量力而行，我的环境未安装GB18030的支持)。

    需要将显示中文的区域的字体和编码分别设为"STSong-Light"和"UniGB-UCS2-H"。此字体和编码是生成pdf文件时显示中文所必须的，与jfreereport的GUI工具的显示无关。

    3. 程序示例

    我选用了jfreereport中的Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository的例子，并将部分内容换为中文。以下是直接生成pdf的servlet代码和我变更的报表模板。

//- GenPDFByJfreereportTemplateServlet.javapackage acme.web.servlets;#region//- GenPDFByJfreereportTemplateServlet.javapackage acme.web.servlets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.jfree.report.Boot;import org.jfree.report.JFreeReport;
import org.jfree.report.demo.SwingIconsDemoTableModel;
import org.jfree.report.modules.output.pageable.base.PageableReportProcessor;
import org.jfree.report.modules.output.pageable.pdf.PDFOutputTarget;
org.jfree.report.modules.parser.base.ReportGenerator;
import org.jfree.report.util.Log;
import org.jfree.report.util.ReportConfiguration;
import org.jfree.xml.ElementDefinitionException;

/**//**
* @version    1.0
* @author    Lee S
*/
public class GenPDFByJfreereportTemplateServlet extends HttpServlet implements Servlet
...{
   /**//**
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#void (javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,

javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
   */
   public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
      throws ServletException, IOException
   ...{
      resp.setContentType("application/pdf");

      ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();

      try
      ...{
         // initialize JFreeReport
         Boot.start();

         ReportConfiguration.getGlobalConfig().setLogLevel("Error");
         // update the log system to use the new settings ...
         Log.getJFreeReportLog().init();

         final URL in =
            getClass().getResource("/acme/web/resources/swing-icons.xml");

         if (in == null)
         ...{
            throw new Exception("swing-icons.xml can't be found.");
         }

         final JFreeReport report = parseReport(in);
         report.setData(new SwingIconsDemoTableModel());

         PDFOutputTarget target =
            new PDFOutputTarget(out, report.getDefaultPageFormat());
         target.configure(report.getReportConfiguration());

         target.open();
         PageableReportProcessor proc = new PageableReportProcessor(report);
         proc.setOutputTarget(target);
         proc.processReport();
         target.close();


      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      ...{
         System.err.println("Generate PDF failed: " + ex);
      }
      finally
      ...{
         try
         ...{
            out.close();
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         ...{
System.err.println("Output PDF failed: " + e);
         }
      }

   }

   /**//**
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#void (javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,

javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
   */
   public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
      throws ServletException, IOException
   ...{
      doGet(req, resp);
   }


   /**//**
    * Reads the report from the swing-icons.xml report template.
    *
    * @param templateURL The template location.
    *
    * @return A report.
    * @throws ElementDefinitionException if the report generator encountered an error.
    * @throws IOException if there was an IO error while reading from the URL.
    */
   private JFreeReport parseReport(final URL templateURL)
       throws IOException, ElementDefinitionException
   ...{
     final ReportGenerator generator = ReportGenerator.getInstance();
     return generator.parseReport(templateURL);
   }


}
#endregion

//- swing-icons.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE report-definition   PUBLIC

"-//JFreeReport//DTD report definition//EN//extended"

"http://jfreereport.sourceforge.net/extreport.dtd"><!--

***************************************************************** --><!-- *  Swing-Icons.XML

                                             * --><!-- *  A sample report definition used as

an introduction to        * --><!-- *  JFreeReport.

       * --><!-- ***************************************************************** --

><report-definition name="First Report">  <!-- ************************ -->  <!-- * PARSER

CONFIGURATION * -->  <!-- ************************ -->  <parser-config>    <object-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.objects.DefaultClassFactory"/>

<element-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.elements.DefaultElementFactory"/>

<stylekey-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.stylekey.DefaultStyleKeyFactory"/>

<stylekey-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.stylekey.PageableLayoutStyleKeyFactory"/>

   <template-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.templates.DefaultTemplateCollection"/>
<datasource-factory

class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.datasource.DefaultDataSourceFactory"/>
  </parser-config>

  <!-- ************************ -->
  <!-- * REPORT CONFIGURATION * -->
  <!-- ************************ -->
  <report-config>
    <defaultpageformat orientation="portrait"
      pageformat="LETTER"
      topmargin="72"
      bottommargin="72"
      leftmargin="72"
      rightmargin="72"/>
  </report-config>

  <!-- ********** -->
  <!-- * STYLES * -->
  <!-- ********** -->
  <styles>
    <style name="medium-line">
      <compound-key name="min-size">
        <basic-object name="height">0.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">0.5</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="draw-shape">true</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="scale">true</basic-key>
    </style>

    <style name="background-rectangle">
      <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
        <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <compound-key name="min-size">
        <basic-object name="height">-100.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <basic-key name="fill-shape">true</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="scale">true</basic-key>
    </style>
  </styles>

  <!-- ********************** -->
  <!-- * REPORT DESCRIPTION * -->
  <!-- ********************** -->
  <report-description>

    <!-- ================= -->
    <!-- = REPORT HEADER = -->
    <!-- ================= -->
    <report-header name="report-header-band">
      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">112.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
<basic-key name="font-size">10</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element name="title1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">2.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">18.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">18</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">32.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>

        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">This report lists the icons contained in the Java

Look and Feel Graphics Repository.</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description2" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">44.0</basic-object>
</compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">For more information about the repository, refer

to:</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="url1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">68.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font">Monospaced</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object

name="content">http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/techDocs/hi/repository/</basic-

object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description3" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">92.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">The design of this report is described in the

JFreeReport PDF documentation.</basic-object>
 </template>
      </element>

    </report-header>

    <!-- ================= -->
    <!-- = REPORT FOOTER = -->
    <!-- ================= -->
    <report-footer name="report-footer-band">

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">12</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element name="rect1" type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
          <basic-key name="paint">#ccffcc</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="rectangle"/>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <element name="reportTotalLabel" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
 <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">REPORT TOTAL:</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="reportCountField" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="field">OverallCount</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="reportSumField" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
<basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="field">OverallSum</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>
    </report-footer>

    <!-- =============== -->
    <!-- = PAGE HEADER = -->
    <!-- =============== -->
    <page-header>

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">18.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-firstpage">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-lastpage">true</basic-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
          <basic-key name="paint">#afafaf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="rectangle"/>
      </element>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
 </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="date-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">d-MMM-yyyy</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">report.date</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">2.0</basic-key>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">16.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="paint">#cfcfcf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>
    </page-header>

    <!-- =============== -->
 <!-- = PAGE FOOTER = -->
    <!-- =============== -->
    <page-footer>

      <style>
        <basic-key name="display-on-lastpage">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-firstpage">true</basic-key>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">Page #0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">PageNumber</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

    </page-footer>

    <!-- ========== -->
    <!-- = GROUPS = -->
    <!-- ========== -->
    <groups>

      <!-- category group -->
      <group name="Category">
        <fields>
          <field>Category</field>
        </fields>

        <group-header>
          <style>
<compound-key name="min-size">
              <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
            </compound-key>
          </style>

          <default-style>
<!-- use such font name & encoding for displaying chinese -->
            <basic-key name="font">STSong-Light</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-encoding">UniGB-UCS2-H</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-size">12</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
          </default-style>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
              <basic-key name="paint">#ccccff</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="rectangle"/>
          </element>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="medium-line"/>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="horizontal-line"/>
          </element>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="medium-line"/>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
</style>
            <template references="horizontal-line"/>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">92.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">分类:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">96.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">120.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="string-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">Category</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
 <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">名称:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">图标:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
<style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">文件大小:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>
        </group-header>

        <group-footer>
          <style>
            <compound-key name="min-size">
              <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
            </compound-key>
            <basic-key name="pagebreak-before">false</basic-key>
          </style>
          <default-style>
            <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-size">11</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
          </default-style>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
 <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">11.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">100.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">Group Total:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="number-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="format">#0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">GroupCount</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
  <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="number-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">GroupSum</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>
        </group-footer>
      </group>
    </groups>

    <!-- ============= -->
    <!-- = ITEM BAND = -->
    <!-- ============= -->
    <itemband>

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">26.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">STSong-Light</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-encoding">UniGB-UCS2-H</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">10</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">0.1</basic-key>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">25.0</basic-object>
</compound-key>
          <basic-key name="paint">#dfdfdf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display the name from the TableModel -->
      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">8.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="string-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">Name</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display icon from the TableModel -->
      <element type="image/generic">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">1.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">24.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">middle</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="image-field">
          <basic-object name="field">Icon</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display the file size from the TableModel -->
      <element type="text/plain">
<style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">8.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">Size</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>
    </itemband>
  </report-description>

  <!-- ************* -->
  <!-- * FUNCTIONS * -->
  <!-- ************* -->
  <functions>
    <property-ref name="report.date"/>

    <function name="PageNumber" class="org.jfree.report.function.PageFunction"/>
    <function name="GroupCount" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemCountFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Name</property>
        <property name="group">Category</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="GroupSum" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemSumFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Size</property>
        <property name="group">Category</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="OverallCount" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemCountFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Name</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="OverallSum" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemSumFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Size</property>
      </properties>
    </function>
  </functions>

</report-definition>

    总结

    这是自认为目前非常好的的Web应用的打印解决方案，虽然仅使用jfreereport产生pdf文件的功能，但是jfreereport提供的页面自动布置的功能使产生报表的工作较之使用iText直接产生要方便许多。以上的例子理论上可以在任何的符合j2ee 1.3规范(或部分符合，如tomcat 4.x)的应用服务器上运行，我仅仅在was 5.0.x上进行了测试。仅供大家参考。